Gender and Poverty : A Life Cycle Approach to the Analysis of the Differences in Gender Outcomes

The authors study complex interactions between gender and poverty in postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina. The goal of their analysis is to uncover how a spectrum of gender differentials at different parts of the life cycle varies across income groups. Using the data from the 2001 Bosnia and Herzegovina Living Standards Measurement Study, the authors find strong gender-poverty interaction in the patterns of labor force participation, gender gap in earnings, individuals' school finances, and school attendance. The main source of gender inequality seems to come from differences in investments in girls' and boys' educations that increase with declines in income levels. Short-term income shocks could lead to long-term increases in gender inequality in households with school age children, unless there is ready access to credit markets. The authors also find that the magnitude of the impact of economic development on gender differences in Bosnia will depend on where the growth is concentrated. If the poor capture at least some benefits of economic growth, the gender differences in household investment in human capital of their children will decline. If, on the other hand, growth is concentrated among the richest, then important gender disparities could remain pervasive.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Mroz, Thomas A., Lokshin, Michael
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2003-10
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE, AGED, BREASTFEEDING, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, CAPITAL VARIABLE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA, DEVELOPED ECONOMIES, DIMINISHING RETURNS, DISCRIMINATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATION, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, EMPLOYMENT, EXPENDITURES, FAMILIES, FEMALES, FUNCTIONAL FORM, GENDER, GENDER EQUALITY, GIRLS, HEALTH, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCOME, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME LEVEL, INCOME LEVELS, INCOME SHOCKS, INCOMES, INEQUALITY, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LOW INCOME, MIGRATION, NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT, NEGATIVE COEFFICIENTS, NEGATIVE CORRELATION, NEGATIVE EFFECT, NEGATIVE SIGN, NORMAL GOOD, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OPTIMIZATION, PARENTS, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, PRESENT VALUE, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS, PRODUCTIVITY, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, REGRESSION RESULTS, RELATIVE INCOME, RETIREMENT, SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL, SIGNIFICANT EFFECT, THEORETICAL MODELS, UTILITY FUNCTIONS, WAGES, WEALTH, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUTH GENDER ANALYSIS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, GENDER GAP, WOMEN WORKERS, EDUCATIONAL FINANCING, ATTENDANCE, EDUCATIONAL INVESTMENT, GENDER INEQUALITY, ACCESS TO CREDIT, GIRLS' EDUCATION, HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, RETIREMENT AGE, YOUTH, GENDER ANALYSIS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/10/2637444/gender-poverty-life-cycle-approach-analysis-differences-gender-outcomes https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18052
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