Are Countries Investments in Tertiary Education Making a Difference?

Although the relationship between education spending and outcomes has been the topic of a fairly rich body of research at the primary and secondary levels and has been found fairly ambiguous it has been poorly documented at the tertiary level, despite ever rising expenditures at this level. This paper is exploring the impact of various measures of spending on a range of outcomes of tertiary education, using cross-country comparisons. It finds that public expenditures are only loosely linked with outcomes in terms of access and participation, but that they are positively associated with proxies of quality. Private expenditures appear to have no impact on either quantity or quality. This exploratory research shows very different patterns for the group of high-income countries and less developed countries. Data allowing, it also sheds a special light on the South Asia Region, where patterns largely echoes the situation of the low income countries.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Benoît, Millot
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012-02
Subjects:	ACADEMIC COMMUNITY, ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, ACADEMIC RANKING, ACCESS TO TERTIARY EDUCATION, ACCESS TO UNIVERSITY, ACHIEVEMENTS, AGE GROUP, AVERAGE LEVEL, CROSS COUNTRY COMPARISONS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION, EDUCATION BUDGET, EDUCATION ECONOMICS, EDUCATION EXPENDITURES, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATION OUTCOMES, EDUCATION POLICY, EDUCATION QUALITY, EDUCATION SECTOR, EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE, EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, ENROLLMENT, ENROLLMENT GROWTH, ENROLLMENT RATE, ENROLLMENT RATES, ENROLLMENT RATIO, EXPANSION OF ENROLLMENTS, EXPENDITURES, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, GENERAL EDUCATION, GER, GRADUATION RATES, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATES, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIOS, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT, HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS, HIGHER ENROLLMENT, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, LEARNING, LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS, LEARNING GOALS, LEARNING OUTCOMES, LET, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LITERATURE, MASS TERTIARY EDUCATION, MATHEMATICS, NATURAL SCIENCES, NET ENROLLMENT, OUTCOMES OF EDUCATION, PAPERS, PER STUDENT EXPENDITURES, POSITIVE IMPACT, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE ENROLLMENTS, PRIVATE EXPENDITURE, PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC FUNDING, PUBLIC FUNDS, PUBLIC TERTIARY EDUCATION, PUPILS, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY OF POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION, QUALITY OF TEACHING, RATES OF RETURN, RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES, SECONDARY EDUCATION, STUDENT ASSESSMENT, STUDENT LEARNING, STUDENT PERFORMANCE, STUDENT POPULATION, STUDENT POPULATIONS, TEACHING, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS, TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTION, TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, TERTIARY EDUCATION SECTOR, TERTIARY EDUCATION SPENDING, TERTIARY EDUCATION SYSTEM, TERTIARY EDUCATION SYSTEMS, TERTIARY ENROLLMENTS, TERTIARY GRADUATES, TERTIARY LEVEL, UNIVERSITIES, UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY LEVEL,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/02/15961985/countries-investments-tertiary-education-making-difference https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18010
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