China : Development of National Heat Pricing and Billing Policy

Market-based reforms in China's urban centralized heating sector are essential to addressing the perpetual inefficiency of a sector built on welfare based principles. The reform of heat pricing and billing is a crucial part of overall heat reform, since it will commodity heat and thus create economic incentives to provide and use heat much more efficiently. Heat pricing and billing reform requires substantial changes in four interrelated areas: (i) transfer of heat payment responsibility from work units to consumers, a change from invisible to visible heat subsidies and an improved targeted subsidy system; (ii) determination of an economically efficient and equitable heat pricing system; (iii) promotion of heat metering, consumer control of heat consumption and consumption based billing; and (iv) improvement of the system of heat price administration.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Meyer, Anke Sofia, Kalkum, Bernd
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2008-03
Subjects:	AIR POLLUTION, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, APPROACH, AVERAGE COSTS, BOILER, BOILER HOUSE, BOILER HOUSES, BOILERS, BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY, BUILDING ENERGY USE, CARBON DIOXIDE, CENTRAL HEATING, CLIMATE CHANGE, CO2 EMISSIONS, COAL, COAL CONSUMPTION, COAL PRICE, COAL PRICES, COAL USE, COGENERATION, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, CONSTRUCTION, CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, COST SAVINGS, DISTRIBUTION OF COSTS, DISTRICT HEAT, DISTRICT HEATING, DISTRICT HEATING INDUSTRY, DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM, DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS, DOMINANT FUEL, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INCENTIVES, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ECONOMISTS, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, ELECTRICITY, EMISSION, ENERGY BALANCE, ENERGY CHARGE, ENERGY CONSERVATION, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS, ENERGY PLANNERS, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENERGY SAVINGS, ENERGY SECTOR, ENERGY USE, ENGINEERS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, EXPENDITURES, FIXED COSTS, FLEXIBILITY, FLOW METERS, FUEL, FUEL CELLS, GENERATION, GENERATION CAPACITY, GREENHOUSE GASES, HEAT, HEAT DEMAND, HEAT DISTRIBUTION, HEAT ENERGY, HEAT METER, HEAT METERING, HEAT METERS, HEAT PRICING, HEAT PRODUCTION, HEAT REFORM, HEAT REFORMS, HEAT SALES, HEAT SUBSTATIONS, HEAT SUPPLY, HEAT TARIFF, HEAT TARIFFS, HEATING ENERGY, HOT WATER, HOT WATER SUPPLY, INCOME, INFLATION, INPUT PRICES, INVENTORIES, KILOWATT-HOUR, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, MARGINAL COST, MARGINAL COSTS, NATURAL GAS, PACIFIC REGION, PILOT PROJECTS, PIPES, POLLUTION CONTROL, POWER, POWER ENERGY, POWER SECTOR, PRESSURE, PRICE SETTING, PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY, PRODUCTIVITY, PROVISION OF HEAT, PUMPS, RAW COAL, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESIDENTIAL BUILDING, RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS, SOLID FUELS, SPACE HEATING, SULFUR, SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, SULFUR REMOVAL, SUPPLY COSTS, SUPPLY EFFICIENCY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, TARIFF DESIGN, TARIFF STRUCTURE, TAXATION, THERMAL LOAD, THERMAL PERFORMANCE, THERMAL POWER, TONS OF CARBON, TONS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE, TOOLS, TRANSPORT, TURBINES, VALVES, VARIABLE COSTS, WATER FLOW, WATER HEATING, WESTERN EUROPE, WIDENING,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9758464/china-development-national-heat-pricing-billing-policy https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17908
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