Strengthening the Global Trade Architecture for Development

Despite recurring rounds of trade liberalization, under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, or GATT). Complemented by unilateral reforms, many developing countries have not been able to integrate into the world economy. The author argues that from the perspective of the poorest countries, a multi-pronged strategy is required to strengthen the global trading system. Moreover, much of the agenda must be addressed outside the WTO. The most important contribution the WTO can make to development, is to improve market access conditions - for goods and services - and ensure that trade rules are useful to developing countries. Enhancing trade capacity requires concerted action outside the WTO ("aid for trade") as well as unilateral actions by both industrial, and developing countries to reduce anti-trade biases.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Hoekman, Bernard
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2002-01
Subjects:	TRADE LIBERALIZATION, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, ROUNDTABLE ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE & FINANCE, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS & TRADE, REFORM POLICY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, MARKET ACCESS, TRADE STRUCTURE, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, TRADE FACILITATION ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES, AGREEMENT ON TRADE, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTERS, AGRICULTURE, ANTIDUMPING, APPAREL, BILATERAL INVESTMENT, BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES, BINDING DISPUTE SETTLEMENT, BORDER POLICIES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARTELS, CHILD LABOR, CIVIL SOCIETY, COMPETITION LAW, COMPETITION LEGISLATION, COMPETITION POLICIES, COMPETITION POLICY, COMPETITIVENESS, CONCESSIONS, CONSUMER PROTECTION, CONSUMERS, CONTINGENT PROTECTION, COUNTRY EXPORTERS, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS CLEARANCE, CUSTOMS VALUATION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DOMESTIC POLICY FORMATION PROCESS, DOMESTIC REFORMS, DOMESTIC REGULATION, DOMESTIC REGULATORY POLICIES, DONOR ASSISTANCE, DUTY-FREE ACCESS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICY, ECONOMIC POWER, ECONOMISTS, EMPLOYMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, EXPANDING TRADE, EXPLOITATION, EXPORT CARTELS, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT REVENUE, EXPORTS, FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FISH, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN TRADE, FREE ACCESS, GLOBAL NORMS, GLOBAL TRADE, GLOBAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, GLOBAL TRADING, HARMONIZATION, HIGH TARIFFS, IMPORTS, IMPROVING MARKET ACCESS, INCOME, INCOME DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, INTEREST GROUPS, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, INTERNATIONAL NORMS, INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVERS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT INCENTIVES, INVESTMENT TREATIES, ITC, LDCS, LEGAL REGIMES, LEGISLATION, LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE, LOW- INCOME COUNTRIES, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES, MARKET POWER, MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS, MULTILATERAL COOPERATION, MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS, MULTILATERAL RULES, MULTILATERAL TALKS, NATIONAL EFFORTS, NATIONAL PRODUCT, NEGOTIATING AGENDA, NEGOTIATING POSITIONS, NONTARIFF BARRIERS, OIL, OPENNESS, PARTNER COUNTRIES, PATENTS, POLICY CHANGES, POLICY OPTIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POOR CHILDREN, POOR COUNTRIES, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCT STANDARDS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROTECTIONIST PRESSURES, QUOTAS, RECIPROCAL REDUCTION, RECIPROCITY, REDUCING TRADE BARRIERS, REDUCING TRANSACTIONS COSTS, REDUCTION OF BARRIERS, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENTS, REGIONAL INTEGRATION ARRANGEMENTS, REGULATORY AREAS, REGULATORY ISSUES, REGULATORY POLICY, REGULATORY REFORM, REGULATORY REGIMES, RELATIVE IMPORTANCE, RESEARCH INSTITUTES, RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS, RISK AVERSE, SAFETY NETS, SAFETY STANDARDS, SERVICE SECTOR, SOCIAL RIGHTS, TARIFF BARRIERS, TARIFF LIBERALIZATION, TARIFF NEGOTIATIONS, TARIFF RATES, TARIFF REVENUE, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TIME FRAME, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE CAPACITY, TRADE LOGISTICS, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE POLICY, TRADE POLICY REVIEW, TRADE REFORM, TRADE REFORMS, TRADE RULES, TRADEOFFS, TRADING PARTNERS, TRADING SYSTEM, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, TRANSITION PERIODS, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRIPS AGREEMENT, UNILATERAL ACTION, UNILATERAL REFORMS, URUGUAY ROUND, VALUATION, VALUE OF TRADE, WELFARE GAINS, WORLD ECONOMY, WORLD TRADE, WTO,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/01/1684361/strengthening-global-trade-architecture-development http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15749
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