HIV/AIDS in Southeastern Europe : Case Studies from Bulgaria, Croatia, and Romania

In June 2002, the countries of Southeastern Europe (SEE) recommitted themselves to scale up action on the prevention and treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Given the rapid increase in the rate of HIV infection in Eastern Europe in general, and the generally similar risk conditions for low HIV prevalence SEE populations, this commitment is timely in terms of preventing a more widespread epidemic. It should also be recognized by the World Bank as a call to action to support these countries through the application of its comparative advantage in both lending and non-lending activities. The purpose of this paper is to review the current status of the AIDS epidemics in three countries of the Sub-region (Bulgaria, Croatia, and Romania - which constitute the ECC05 Country Department of the World Bank), to evaluate the approaches and strategies currently being used in each country, and to make recommendations both for government strategies and for the Bank's current and potential future involvement in relation to these strategies. The current low levels of HIV infection in SEE present a challenge in gaining recognition of the potential impact of HIV/AIDS on health systems, social structures, and individuals. Moreover, the approach to HIV/AIDS in SEE is complicated by relatively high levels of stigma against vulnerable groups (intravenous drug users [IDU], commercial sex workers [CSW], ethnic minorities such as the Roma, mobile populations, and men who have sex with men [MSM]).

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Novotny, Thomas, Haazen, Dominic, Adeyi, Olusoji
Format:	Publication biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2003-05
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO RESOURCES, ACCESS TO SERVICES, ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME, AIDS EPIDEMIC, AIDS PREVENTION, AIDS TREATMENT, AIDS VICTIMS, ANAL SEX, BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE, BLOOD DONORS, BROTHELS, CITIES, COLLABORATION, COMMERCIAL SEX, COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, CONDOMS, CRIME, DATA COLLECTION, DETOXIFICATION, DRUG ABUSE, DRUG ABUSE TREATMENT, DRUG COMPANIES, DRUG INJECTING, DRUG RESISTANCE, DRUG TREATMENT, DRUG USE, DRUG USERS, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, EPIDEMICS, EPIDEMIOLOGY, FAMILY PLANNING, GIRLS, HARM REDUCTION, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH FACILITY, HEALTH PROMOTION, HEALTH PROVIDERS, HEALTH SERVICES, HEPATITIS B, HEPATITIS C, HETEROSEXUAL CONTACT, HIGH RISK GROUPS, HIGH-RISK, HIGH-RISK BEHAVIOR, HIV, HIV INFECTION, HIV INFECTIONS, HIV POSITIVE, HIV PREVENTION, HIV TESTING, HOMOSEXUALS, HOSPITALS, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, ILLEGAL DRUGS, ILLITERACY, IMMUNE DEFICIENCY, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, INJECTABLE DRUGS, INJECTING DRUG USERS, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, INTRAVENOUS DRUG USERS, LOW PREVALENCE, MALARIA, MEDIA, MEDICAL SERVICES, MEDICAL TREATMENT, METHADONE, MIGRATION, MOBILE SERVICES, MODE OF TRANSMISSION, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION, NEEDLE EXCHANGE, NEEDLE SHARING, NEEDLES, NEW CASES, NURSES, ORPHANS, OUTREACH WORK, PARENTS, PATIENTS, PEER EDUCATION, PEER REVIEW, PEOPLE WITH AIDS, PREGNANT WOMEN, PREVENTION OF MOTHER, PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION, PRISONS, PROGRAMMING, PROGRAMS, PROSTITUTES, PROSTITUTION, PUBLIC HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES, RISK GROUPS, RISK OF TRANSMISSION, RISK POPULATIONS, RISK REDUCTION, SAFER SEX, SCHOOLS, SCREENING, SEX WITH MEN, SEX WORK, SEX WORKERS, SEXUAL ABUSE, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, SEXUAL CONTACTS, SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, SEXUAL MATURITY, SEXUAL PARTNERS, SEXUAL RISK, SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR, SEXUAL TRANSMISSION, SEXUALLY ACTIVE, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, SOCIAL MARKETING, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL SUPPORT, SOCIALIZATION, STIS, SURVEILLANCE DATA, SYPHILIS, TUBERCULOSIS, UNAIDS, UNPROTECTED INTERCOURSE, VERTICAL TRANSMISSION, VICTIMS, VIOLENCE, VOLUNTARY COUNSELING, VULNERABILITY OF WOMEN, VULNERABLE GROUPS, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUTH HIV INFECTIONS, DISEASE TREATMENT, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR PARTICIPATION, SOCIAL STRUCTURES, PUBLIC EDUCATION, RESEARCH, CIVIL SOCIETY,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/05/2420972/hivaids-southeastern-europe-case-studies-bulgaria-croatia-romania http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15137
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