Indonesia - Spending More or Spending Better : Improving Education Financing in Indonesia

The report is divided into two parts. The first three chapters show that the vast increase in education resources has not been accompanied by a similar increase in learning outcomes, and thus highlight the urgent need to improve the quality of spending. Chapter one starts by describing the complex financing and governance systems. With this policy framework in mind, Chapter two focuses on the 20 percent rule, analyzing its consequences for budget planning and management and examining where resources went after this vast increase in spending. The chapter also provides some estimates of the cost of meeting future government objectives, in the context of discussions on expanding compulsory education, and broadening teacher certification. Chapter three looks at education outcomes, reviewing the significant improvements in access and equity, as well as the worrisome trends in learning outcomes. It points to improving the quality of education and expanding access to secondary and above (especially for the poor) as the main challenges in the sector. Given the cost of achieving these goals, and the fact that current expenditure patterns are unlikely to lead to improvements in learning outcomes, the chapter concludes that improving the quality of spending in education is now critical. The second part of the report focuses on how to improve the quality of spending in order to continue expansion and improve learning outcomes. In chapter four, the quality of spending issue is divided into two areas: i) reassigning or improving programs at the central level, and ii) improving management at the district and school levels. At the central level, this chapter analyzes the Scholarships for the Poor program (BSM) and recommends that it be expanded and improved. At the sub-national level, the report explores how a combination of more efficient teacher management and stronger support for schools can improve efficiency and learning outcomes, and what the central government s role should be in ensuring that these changes occur. Finally, chapter five summarizes these recommendations, providing a framework for improving the quality of spending and, ultimately, ensuring that this spending leads to an improvement in the quality of the Indonesian education system.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Jakarta 2013-03
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ATTAINMENT PROFILE, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC EDUCATION LEVEL, BASIC EDUCATION TEACHERS, BLOCK GRANTS, BUDGET FOR EDUCATION, CAREER, CAREER PROSPECTS, CERTIFIED TEACHERS, CIVIL SERVICE, CIVIL SERVICE TEACHERS, CLASSROOM, COMMITMENT TO EDUCATION, COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT, COMPULSORY EDUCATION, CURRICULA, CURRICULUM, CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT, DEGREES, DIPLOMAS, DISTRICT EDUCATION, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, EDUCATION BUDGET, EDUCATION CAPACITY, EDUCATION DATA, EDUCATION EXPENDITURE, EDUCATION EXPENDITURES, EDUCATION EXPERTS, EDUCATION FACILITIES, EDUCATION MANAGEMENT, EDUCATION OFFICES, EDUCATION OUTCOMES, EDUCATION PLANNERS, EDUCATION PROGRAMS, EDUCATION SECTOR, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATION SYSTEM DECENTRALIZATION, EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES, EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT, EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS, ENROLLMENT RATES, GENERAL EDUCATION, GER, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATES, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION, HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS, HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM, HIGHER LEARNING, HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, INCLUSIVE EDUCATION, INDEPENDENT LEARNING, INFORMAL EDUCATION, INSTRUCTION, JUNIOR SECONDARY, JUNIOR SECONDARY EDUCATION, JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS, KINDERGARTEN, LABOR FORCE, LEARNING, LEARNING ACTIVITIES, LEARNING CENTERS, LEARNING OUTCOMES, LEARNING PROCESS, LECTURERS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LIFELONG LEARNING, LITERACY, MATHEMATICS, MINISTERS OF EDUCATION, MINISTRIES OF FINANCE, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MOBILITY, MULTIGRADE TEACHING, NATIONAL EDUCATION, NATIONAL EDUCATION BUDGET, NATIONAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL EDUCATION STANDARDS, NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM, NATIONAL LIBRARY, NER, NET ENROLLMENT, NET ENROLLMENT RATE, NON-FORMAL EDUCATION, NUMBER OF STUDENTS, NUMBER OF TEACHERS, OPEN UNIVERSITY, OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN, POLYTECHNICS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS, PRIMARY TEACHER, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES, PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PROVINCIAL EDUCATION, PUBLIC EDUCATION SPENDING, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION, PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES, PUPIL SPENDING, QUALIFIED TEACHERS, QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY EDUCATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, READING, REMOTE SCHOOLS, RESOURCES FOR EDUCATION, RURAL AREAS, SANITATION, SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS, SCHOLARSHIPS, SCHOOL AUTONOMY, SCHOOL BUDGETS, SCHOOL BUILDINGS, SCHOOL CHILDREN, SCHOOL COMMITTEE, SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT, SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS, SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE, SCHOOL LEVEL, SCHOOL LEVELS, SCHOOL MANAGEMENT, SCHOOL OPERATION, SCHOOL PERFORMANCE, SCHOOL PRINCIPALS, SCHOOL QUALITY, SCHOOL REHABILITATION, SCHOOL SIZE, SCHOOLING, SCIENCE STUDY, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS, SHARE OF EDUCATION SPENDING, SMALL SCHOOLS, SPECIAL NEEDS, STAFF DEVELOPMENT, STAFF SALARIES, STUDENT ASSESSMENT, STUDENT FEES, STUDENT GRANTS, STUDENT LEARNING, STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES, STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO, STUDENT-TEACHER RATIOS, STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS, TEACHER, TEACHER CERTIFICATION, TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS, TEACHER COMPETENCY, TEACHER HIRING, TEACHER MANAGEMENT, TEACHER QUALIFICATIONS, TEACHER QUALITY, TEACHER RATIOS, TEACHER REQUIREMENTS, TEACHER SALARIES, TEACHER TRAINING, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TEACHING EXPERIENCE, TEACHING FORCE, TEACHING GROUPS, TEACHING PERSONNEL, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TEST SCORES, TRAINING COURSES, TRAINING INSTITUTES, TRAINING INSTITUTIONS, UNIVERSITIES, UNIVERSITY DEGREE, YOUTH,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/03/17536528/indonesia-spending-more-or-spending-better-improving-education-financing-indonesia https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13210
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