Ethanol as a Husehold Fuel in Madagascar : Health Benefits, Economic Assessment, and Review of African Lessons for Scaling-up

This study was commissioned to analyse the cost efficiency and economic viability of an ethanol programme, for reducing disease, and protecting the forests in Madagascar. This information is also expected to be of interest regionally and internationally, given that the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are nearly two million deaths per annum globally due to Household Air Pollution (HAP), representing 2.7 percent of the global burden of disease. Of these, nearly 400,000 deaths per annum due to HAP, are in sub-Saharan Africa. With only 20 percent of the world's population, Africa suffers a disproportionate share of around half of all deaths from pneumonia for children under five years, for which HAP is a major risk factor. This study investigates the potential of ethanol as a household fuel in Madagascar, focusing on three main components: health benefits, financial and economic assessment, and African lessons for scaling-up a program of support for ethanol as a household fuel.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2011-06
Subjects:	ACUTE EXPOSURE, AGRICULTURAL WASTE, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS, AIR QUALITY, ALDEHYDES, ALTERNATIVE COOKING FUELS, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, ANHYDROUS ETHANOL, APPROACH, AVAILABILITY, BAGASSE, BALANCE, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BETTER ENERGY ACCESS, BIOFUELS, BIOFUELS INDUSTRY, BIOGAS, BIOMASS, BIOMASS ENERGY, BIOMASS FUELS, BIOMASS STOVE, BURNING FUEL, BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO, CANE INDUSTRY, CANE PRODUCTION, CARBON, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON FINANCE, CARBON MONOXIDE, CARCINOGENS, CHARCOAL, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, CHEAPER FUELS, CHOICE OF FUEL, CHRONIC RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS, CLEAN FUEL, CLEANER FUELS, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CO, CO2, COMBUSTION, CONSERVATION AREAS, CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES, CONVERSION EFFICIENCY, COOK STOVES, COOKING, COST OF ETHANOL, COST OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION, CROP, CROP WASTE, DEFORESTATION, DEGRADED FORESTS, DEMAND FOR ETHANOL, DIFFUSION, DISTILLATION, DISTILLERIES, DISTILLERY, DOMESTIC ENERGY, DOMESTIC SUPPLY, DRY FOREST, DRY FORESTS, DRY WOOD, DUNG, ECOSYSTEM, ELECTRICITY, EMPLOYMENT, ENERGY BALANCE, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY MARKET, ENERGY MIX, ENERGY SECTOR, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SUPPLY, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, EROSION CONTROL, ETHANOL, ETHANOL CASE, ETHANOL CONSUMPTION, ETHANOL FUEL, ETHANOL MARKET, ETHANOL MARKETS, ETHANOL PRICE, ETHANOL PRICES, ETHANOL PRODUCTION, ETHANOL PROGRAM, ETHANOL SUPPLY, ETHANOL WITH GASOLINE, EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS, EXPOSURE OF CHILDREN, FEEDSTOCK, FEEDSTOCK COSTS, FEEDSTOCK FOR ETHANOL, FEEDSTOCK FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION, FEEDSTOCK PRICES, FEEDSTOCK SOURCE, FEEDSTOCKS, FERMENTATION, FIREWOOD, FOREST, FOREST ACCESS, FOREST AREA, FOREST AREAS, FOREST COVER, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST PRODUCTION, FOREST PRODUCTS, FOREST PROTECTION, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST SECTORS, FORESTRY, FORESTRY SECTOR, FORESTS, FORMS OF ENERGY, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUELS, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL ETHANOL, FUEL MARKET, FUEL MARKETS, FUEL PRICE, FUEL PRODUCTION, FUEL SUBSTITUTION, FUEL SUPPLY, FUEL TYPE, FUEL TYPES, FUELS, GASOLINE BLENDING, GEL, GENERATION, GLOBAL WARMING, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HABITATS, HIGH OIL PRICES, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE, HOUSEHOLD FUEL, HOUSEHOLD FUELS, HOUSEHOLD SECTOR, HYDROCARBONS, IMPURITIES, INVESTMENT IN ETHANOL PRODUCTION, KEROSENE, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND USE, LARGE SCALE ETHANOL PRODUCTION, LIGHTING, LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS, LOSS OF FORESTS, MANURE, MARKET FOR ETHANOL, MODERN FUELS, NATURAL FORESTS, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NITROGEN, NITROGEN OXIDES, OIL, OIL PRICES, PARTICLES, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PARTICULATES, PETROLEUM, POLLUTANTS, POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, PRICE OF ETHANOL, PRICE OF FEEDSTOCK, PRIMARY FUEL, PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL, RAW MATERIAL, RAW SUGAR, RICE PADDIES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOMES, SMOKE, SOLID FUEL, SOLID FUELS, SORGHUM, SPACE HEATING, STREAM, SUGAR, SUGAR CANE, SUGAR INDUSTRY, SUGAR MILLS, SUGARCANE, SUGARCANE MOLASSES, SUGARCANE PRODUCTION, SULPHUR, SULPHUR OXIDES, SUPPLY OF ETHANOL, TOWNS, TRADITIONAL BIOMASS, TRANSPORT FUEL, TRANSPORT SECTOR, URBAN AREAS, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, VERTICAL AXIS, WASTE PRODUCTS, WOOD, WOOD FUEL, WOOD PRODUCTS, WOODY BIOMASS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/06/16407762/ethanol-household-fuel-madagascar-health-benefits-economic-assessment-review-african-lessons-scaling-up-summary-report https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12884
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