Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change : Samoa

Over the last two decades Samoa has suffered major damage from two cyclones in 1990-91, minor damage from a third cyclone in 2004, and an earthquake tsunami in 2009. Changes in the scale and impact of these types of natural disasters are likely to be important consequences of climate change for the country because the increases in sea level and in average sea surface temperatures will increase theintensity and damage from major storms. Other potential impacts are linked to changes in the weather patterns associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The primary concern focuses on the impact on agriculture, especially in periods of lower precipitation following strong El Niño episodes.This study examines the consequences of an increase in average temperatures of up to 1°C by 2050 and up to 2.75°C by 2100 for the frequency and intensity of major cyclones that hit the islands. Estimates of the economic damage caused by storms in the past have been used to calibrate a damage function that yields an estimated increase in the expected value of economic damage as the peak wind speeds for storms with return periods of 10, 50, or 100 years rise over time. In this framework the key element of adaptation is to ensure that buildings and other assets are designed to standards that enable them to cope with the greater wind stresses and more intense precipitation associated with worse storms.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Other Environmental Study biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2010
Subjects:	ADAPTATION ACTIONS, ADAPTATION ACTIVITIES, ADAPTATION BENEFITS, ADAPTATION COSTS, ADAPTATION MEASURE, ADAPTATION MEASURES, ADAPTATION NEEDS, ADAPTATION OPTIONS, ADAPTATION PLANS, ADAPTATION POLICIES, ADAPTATION PROGRAM, ADAPTATION PROJECTS, ADAPTATION STRATEGY, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE, ADAPTATION YIELDS, ADAPTING, ADVERSE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ALLOCATION, ALLOWANCE, ANNUAL COST, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, APPROACH TO ADAPTATION, AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL, AVERAGE LIFE EXPECTANCY, CALCULATION, CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT, CAPITAL COSTS, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, CLIMATE CHANGE DISCUSSION, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS, CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS, CLIMATE CONDITIONS, CLIMATE DAMAGE, CLIMATE DATA, CLIMATE HAZARDS, CLIMATE MITIGATION, CLIMATE MODEL, CLIMATE MONITORING, CLIMATE OUTCOMES, CLIMATE RISK, CLIMATE RISKS, CLIMATE SCENARIO, CLIMATE SCENARIOS, CLIMATE TRENDS, CLIMATE VARIABLES, CLIMATIC HAZARDS, CO, COASTAL FLOOD, COASTAL ZONE ADAPTATION, COLORS, CONSEQUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE, CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE, CONSERVATION AREAS, COST OF ADAPTATION, COST OF CLIMATE CHANGE, COST-BENEFIT, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, COSTS OF ADAPTATION, COSTS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, COSTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, CROP DIVERSIFICATION, CYCLONE INTENSITY, CYCLONES, DAMAGE FROM STORMS, DAMAGES, DEATH TOLL, DEFORESTATION, DISASTER, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, DISASTER PLANNING, DISASTER RISK, DISASTER RISK REDUCTION, DISCOUNT RATE, DROUGHT, DROUGHT PERIODS, DROUGHTS, DRY PERIODS, DRY SCENARIO, DRY SEASON, DRY SEASONS, DRY SPELLS, EARLY WARNING, EARLY WARNING SYSTEM, EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS, EARTHQUAKE, EARTHQUAKES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC COSTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, ECONOMICS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, ECOSYSTEM, EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, EFFECTIVENESS OF ADAPTATION, EL NINO, ELECTRICITY, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS SCENARIOS, ENSO, EXTREME EVENTS, EXTREME WEATHER, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, FARMERS, FEASIBILITY, FIRE PREVENTION, FLOOD, FLOOD DAMAGE, FLOOD HAZARD, FLOOD PROTECTION, FLOODED, FLOODING, FLOODS, FOOD SECURITY, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, FOREST, FOREST FIRE, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS, GCM, GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GLOBAL HYDROLOGY, GLOBAL TEMPERATURES, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS, HEAVY RAINS, HURRICANE, HURRICANE DAMAGE, HURRICANES, HYDROLOGY, IMPACT OF CLIMATE, IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION, IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION OPTIONS, IMPORTS, INCOME, INSURANCE, INSURANCE COSTS, INSURANCE POLICY, INTENSITY OF CYCLONES, INTENSITY OF STORMS, LAND USE, LOSS FUNCTION, MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE, MEAN TEMPERATURE, METEOROLOGY, MINIMUM TEMPERATURE, MINIMUM TEMPERATURES, NATIONAL ADAPTATION, NATIONAL CLIMATE, NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE, NATURAL DISASTERS, NATURAL HAZARDS, NET COST, OCEAN TEMPERATURES, PRECIPITATION, PRESENT VALUE, PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION, PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS, PUBLIC SPENDING, RAIN, RAINFALL, RAINY SEASON, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, SEA LEVEL RISE, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES, SEA WALLS, SEASON, SOUTHERN OSCILLATION, STORM, STORM DAMAGE, STORM SURGE, STORM SURGES, STORMS, SURFACE TEMPERATURE, SURFACE TEMPERATURES, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, TEMPERATURE, TEMPERATURES, TOTAL CONSUMPTION, TOTAL COST, TOTAL COSTS, TROPICAL CYCLONES, TROPICAL STORMS, TSUNAMI, TSUNAMIS, VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE, VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL DISASTERS, WATER TREATMENT, WEATHER CONDITIONS, WEATHER PATTERNS, WIND, WIND DAMAGE, WIND DIRECTION, WIND SPEED, WIND SPEEDS, WIND VELOCITY, WMO, WORST-CASE,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/01/16441128/samoa-economics-adaptation-climate-change http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12746
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