Trade Costs in the Developing World : 1995 - 2010

The authors use newly collected data on trade and production in 178 countries to infer estimates of trade costs in agriculture and manufactured goods for the 1995-2010 period. The data show that trade costs are strongly declining in per capita income. Moreover, the rate of change of trade costs is largely unfavorable to the developing world: trade costs are falling noticeably faster in developed countries than in developing ones, which serves to increase the relative isolation of the latter. In particular, Sub-Saharan African countries and low-income countries remain subject to very high levels of trade costs. In terms of policy implications, the analysis finds that maritime transport connectivity and logistics performance are very important determinants of bilateral trade costs: in some specifications, their combined effect is comparable to that of geographical distance. Traditional and non-traditional trade policies more generally, including market entry barriers and regional integration agreements, play a significant role in shaping the trade costs landscape.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Arvis, Jean-François, Duval, Yann, Shepherd, Ben, Utoktham, Chorthip
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013-01
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE VALUE, AD VALOREM, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, AGRICULTURE, AIR TRANSPORT, APPLIED TARIFF, AVERAGE COSTS, AVERAGE TRADE, BARRIER, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, BENCHMARK, BENCHMARKS, BILATERAL TRADE, BILATERAL TRADE DATA, CHANGES IN TRADE, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMMON MARKET, COMPETITIVENESS, CONNECTIVITY, CONNECTIVITY INDEX, COST REDUCTION, COUNTRY TARIFF, CURRENCY, CURRENCY UNION, DATA AVAILABILITY, DEFLATORS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING WORLD, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DIFFERENT CURRENCIES, DISTRIBUTION COSTS, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, DOMESTIC TRADE, ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC POLICY, ELASTICITY, ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION, EMERGING MARKETS, EUROPEAN UNION, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPORT INCENTIVES, EXPORT PROCESSING, EXPORT RATIO, EXPORTERS, EXPORTING COUNTRY, EXPORTS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FIXED COST, FIXED COSTS, FOREIGN COMPANIES, FOREIGN FIRMS, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AREA, FUTURE RESEARCH, GDP, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBAL TRADE, GLOBAL TRADING, GLOBALIZATION, GRAVITY EQUATION, GRAVITY MODEL, GRAVITY MODELS, GROSS OUTPUT, IMPORT MARKETS, IMPORT PRICES, IMPORTING COUNTRIES, IMPORTING COUNTRY, INCOME GROUP, INCOME GROUPS, INCREASING RETURNS, INDEX NUMBERS, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INTERMEDIATE GOODS, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY, INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES, INTERNATIONAL TRADING, INTERNATIONAL TRADING SYSTEM, INTRAREGIONAL TRADE, LIBERALIZATION, LOCAL CURRENCY, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, LOW-INCOME COUNTRY, LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES, MARKET ENTRY, MARKET REGULATION, MEASURE OF TRADE, MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES, MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY, MODE OF TRANSPORT, MULTILATERAL TRADE, NET EXPORTS, NON-TARIFF BARRIERS, NUMERICAL VALUE, OPENNESS, PATTERN OF TRADE, PER CAPITA INCOME, PER CAPITA INCOMES, POLICY PRIORITIES, POLICY RESEARCH, PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH, RATES OF PROTECTION, REGIONAL GROUPINGS, REGIONAL GROUPS, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENTS, REGIONAL LEVEL, REGIONAL TRADE, REGULATORY BARRIERS, REGULATORY SYSTEM, TARIFF BARRIERS, TARIFF PROTECTION, TARIFF RATES, TOTAL OUTPUT, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE COSTS, TRADE DATA, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE FLOWS, TRADE IN GOODS, TRADE INTEGRATION, TRADE LOGISTICS, TRADE MODELS, TRADE MORE, TRADE PERFORMANCE, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE POLICY AGENDA, TRADE POLICY REFORM, TRADE PROTECTION, TRADE RELATIONS, TRADE VALUES, TRADES, TRADING VOLUMES, TRANSPORT COSTS, VALUE ADDED, VALUE OF EXPORTS, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, WORLD ECONOMY, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADING SYSTEM,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17155919/trade-costs-developing-world-1995-2010 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12182
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