Plasmodium vivax Malaria Viewed through the Lens of an Eradicated European Strain
The protozoan Plasmodium vivax is responsible for 42% of all cases of malaria outside Africa. The parasite is currently largely restricted to tropical and subtropical latitudes in Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. Though, it was historically present in most of Europe before being finally eradicated during the second half of the 20th century. The lack of genomic information on the extinct European lineage has prevented a clear understanding of historical population structuring and past migrations of P. vivax. We used medical microscope slides prepared in 1944 from malaria-affected patients from the Ebro Delta in Spain, one of the last footholds of malaria in Europe, to generate a genome of a European P. vivax strain. Population genetics and phylogenetic analyses placed this strain basal to a cluster including samples from the Americas. This genome allowed us to calibrate a genomic mutation rate for P. vivax, and to estimate the mean age of the last common ancestor between European and American strains to the 15th century. This date points to an introduction of the parasite during the European colonization of the Americas. In addition, we found that some known variants for resistance to antimalarial drugs, including Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine, were already present in this European strain, predating their use. Our results shed light on the evolution of an important human pathogen and illustrate the value of antique medical collections as a resource for retrieving genomic information on pathogens from the past.
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Oxford University Press
2020-03
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Subjects: | Malaria, Plasmodium vivax, Phylogenetics, Ancient DNA, Population genetics, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/221960 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002809 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 |
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dig-ibe-es-10261-2219602022-03-30T14:41:00Z Plasmodium vivax Malaria Viewed through the Lens of an Eradicated European Strain van Dorp, Lucy Gelabert, Pere Rieux, Adrien Manuel, Marc de De-Dios, Toni Gopalakrishnan, Shyam Carøe, Christian Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela Fregel, Rosa Olalde, Iñigo Escosa, Raül Aranda, Carles Huijben, Silvia Mueller, Ivo Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs Balloux, François Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Lalueza-Fox, Carles Fundación "la Caixa" Generalitat de Catalunya Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) European Research Council Newton Fund National Natural Science Foundation of China Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK) Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España) Malaria Plasmodium vivax Phylogenetics Ancient DNA Population genetics The protozoan Plasmodium vivax is responsible for 42% of all cases of malaria outside Africa. The parasite is currently largely restricted to tropical and subtropical latitudes in Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. Though, it was historically present in most of Europe before being finally eradicated during the second half of the 20th century. The lack of genomic information on the extinct European lineage has prevented a clear understanding of historical population structuring and past migrations of P. vivax. We used medical microscope slides prepared in 1944 from malaria-affected patients from the Ebro Delta in Spain, one of the last footholds of malaria in Europe, to generate a genome of a European P. vivax strain. Population genetics and phylogenetic analyses placed this strain basal to a cluster including samples from the Americas. This genome allowed us to calibrate a genomic mutation rate for P. vivax, and to estimate the mean age of the last common ancestor between European and American strains to the 15th century. This date points to an introduction of the parasite during the European colonization of the Americas. In addition, we found that some known variants for resistance to antimalarial drugs, including Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine, were already present in this European strain, predating their use. Our results shed light on the evolution of an important human pathogen and illustrate the value of antique medical collections as a resource for retrieving genomic information on pathogens from the past. This research was supported by a grant from Obra Social “La Caixa,” Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca Programme del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC 2017 SGR 880), Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca (GRC2017-SGR880), and by FEDER-Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) (PGC2018-095931-B-100) to C.L.-F. and an European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant (681396-Extinction Genomics) to M.T.P.G. L.v.D., and F.B. acknowledge financial support from the Newton Fund UK–China NSFC initiative (grant MR/P007597/1) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (equipment grant BB/R01356X/1). 2020-10-28T15:40:06Z 2020-10-28T15:40:06Z 2020-03 2020-10-28T15:40:07Z artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 doi: 10.1093/molbev/msz264 issn: 0737-4038 Molecular Biology and Evolution 37(3): 773-785 (2020) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/221960 10.1093/molbev/msz264 1537-1719 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002809 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 31697387 #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-095931-B-100 PGC2018-095931-B-100/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Publisher's version http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz264 Sí open Oxford University Press |
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Malaria Plasmodium vivax Phylogenetics Ancient DNA Population genetics Malaria Plasmodium vivax Phylogenetics Ancient DNA Population genetics |
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Malaria Plasmodium vivax Phylogenetics Ancient DNA Population genetics Malaria Plasmodium vivax Phylogenetics Ancient DNA Population genetics van Dorp, Lucy Gelabert, Pere Rieux, Adrien Manuel, Marc de De-Dios, Toni Gopalakrishnan, Shyam Carøe, Christian Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela Fregel, Rosa Olalde, Iñigo Escosa, Raül Aranda, Carles Huijben, Silvia Mueller, Ivo Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs Balloux, François Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Lalueza-Fox, Carles Plasmodium vivax Malaria Viewed through the Lens of an Eradicated European Strain |
description |
The protozoan Plasmodium vivax is responsible for 42% of all cases of malaria outside Africa. The parasite is currently largely restricted to tropical and subtropical latitudes in Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. Though, it was historically present in most of Europe before being finally eradicated during the second half of the 20th century. The lack of genomic information on the extinct European lineage has prevented a clear understanding of historical population structuring and past migrations of P. vivax. We used medical microscope slides prepared in 1944 from malaria-affected patients from the Ebro Delta in Spain, one of the last footholds of malaria in Europe, to generate a genome of a European P. vivax strain. Population genetics and phylogenetic analyses placed this strain basal to a cluster including samples from the Americas. This genome allowed us to calibrate a genomic mutation rate for P. vivax, and to estimate the mean age of the last common ancestor between European and American strains to the 15th century. This date points to an introduction of the parasite during the European colonization of the Americas. In addition, we found that some known variants for resistance to antimalarial drugs, including Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine, were already present in this European strain, predating their use. Our results shed light on the evolution of an important human pathogen and illustrate the value of antique medical collections as a resource for retrieving genomic information on pathogens from the past. |
author2 |
Fundación "la Caixa" |
author_facet |
Fundación "la Caixa" van Dorp, Lucy Gelabert, Pere Rieux, Adrien Manuel, Marc de De-Dios, Toni Gopalakrishnan, Shyam Carøe, Christian Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela Fregel, Rosa Olalde, Iñigo Escosa, Raül Aranda, Carles Huijben, Silvia Mueller, Ivo Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs Balloux, François Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Lalueza-Fox, Carles |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Malaria Plasmodium vivax Phylogenetics Ancient DNA Population genetics |
author |
van Dorp, Lucy Gelabert, Pere Rieux, Adrien Manuel, Marc de De-Dios, Toni Gopalakrishnan, Shyam Carøe, Christian Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela Fregel, Rosa Olalde, Iñigo Escosa, Raül Aranda, Carles Huijben, Silvia Mueller, Ivo Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs Balloux, François Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Lalueza-Fox, Carles |
author_sort |
van Dorp, Lucy |
title |
Plasmodium vivax Malaria Viewed through the Lens of an Eradicated European Strain |
title_short |
Plasmodium vivax Malaria Viewed through the Lens of an Eradicated European Strain |
title_full |
Plasmodium vivax Malaria Viewed through the Lens of an Eradicated European Strain |
title_fullStr |
Plasmodium vivax Malaria Viewed through the Lens of an Eradicated European Strain |
title_full_unstemmed |
Plasmodium vivax Malaria Viewed through the Lens of an Eradicated European Strain |
title_sort |
plasmodium vivax malaria viewed through the lens of an eradicated european strain |
publisher |
Oxford University Press |
publishDate |
2020-03 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/221960 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002809 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 |
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