The Monetary and Fiscal History of Brazil, 1960-2016
Brazil has had a long period of high inflation. It peaked at around 100 percent per year in 1964, decreased until the first oil shock (1973), but accelerated again after ward, reaching levels above 100 percent on average between 1980 and 1994. This last period coincided with severe balance of payments problems and economic stagnation that followed the external debt crisis in the early 1980s. This paper shows that the high-inflation period (1960-1994) was characterized by a combination of fiscal deficits, passive monetary policy, and constraints on debt financing. The transition to the low-inflation period (1995-2016) was characterized by improvements in all of these features, but it did not lead to significant improvements in economic growth. In addition, this paper documents a strong positive correlation between inflation rates and seigniorage revenues, although inflation rates are relatively high for modest levels of seigniorage revenues. Finally, this paper discusses the role of the weak institutional framework surrounding the fiscal and monetary authorities and the role of monetary passiveness and inflation indexation in accounting for the unique features of inflation dynamics in Brazil.
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| Language: | English |
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Inter-American Development Bank
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| Subjects: | Inflation, Monetary Policy, Public Debt, Fiscal Deficit, Domestic Debt, H62 - Deficit • Surplus, E42 - Monetary Systems • Standards • Regimes • Government and the Monetary System • Payment Systems, E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy • Stabilization • Treasury Policy, H63 - Debt • Debt Management • Sovereign Debt, |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001672 https://publications.iadb.org/en/monetary-and-fiscal-history-brazil-1960-2016 |
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