Pollution Prevention and Control Guidelines for the Coastal and Marine Environment of Kenya.
Pollution is in the form of solid waste and effluent discharge is a major threat to the coastal and marine environment in Kenya. These guidelines have been developed to provide practical guidance to decision makers, managers, planners, developers, the community and other stakeholders to adopt best practices in their social and economic activities to enhance their level of compliance with set environmental standards. In developing the pollution prevention and control guidelines, it was realised that there is need for deliberate efforts to prevent pollution at source, promote re-use and recycling of waste material, and as a last resort release or dispose waste in an environmentally safe manner. Thus the 4 Rs concept on waste minimisation i.e reduce, re-use, recycle and is apt and directly applicable to this undertaking. This calls for the incorporation of recycling and recovery technologies and waste minimisation in manufacturing processes. Pollution prevention and control has the overall objective of mitigating harm or damage to coastal and marine resources and ensuring sustainability of the environment and development. Pollution prevention strategies provide opportunities in addressing trans-boundary pollution issues, such as the import or export of hazardous waste from foreign countries. Presented in Chapter 1 is an overview of the Key coastal and marine resources that are of great social and economic importance and the pressures that affect them. The resources include terrestrial and mangrove forests, coral reefs, seagrass lagoons and estuaries among others which form habitats that are critical to the productivity of the marine environment. Pollution constitutes a major threat to the resources. The main sources of pollution include wastewater and solid waste from urban centres and tourist facilities, waste effluent from industrial establishments and runoff from agricultural fields. There is evidence to link pollution of inshore water areas by inorganic and organic contaminants to activities associated with agriculture, tourism, urbanization and manufacturing industries. The future outlook portends an increased threat of pollution to the environment and resources due to enhanced activities in the key sectors of the economy as the country gears towards meeting Vision 2030 objectives. A review of existing policy, legal and institutional framework reveals weaknesses in the largely sectoral policy frameworks on pollution management, inadequate enforcement of the law, and institutional weaknesses in pollution management. Chapter 2 presents the objectives and principles that will guide the application of the pollution prevention and control guidelines. Listed in this section are the various socio-economic activities that form the main sources of pollution in the coastal area and require special focus. Presented in Chapter 3 are the pollution prevention and control guidelines addressing the contribution of the various sectoral activities, namely industrial, tourism, municipal, agricultural, maritime, road, rail and aviation transport and mining. Other potential sources of pollution that have been addressed in this section include institutional waste, wastewater treatment facilities, and trans-boundary pollution sources. The activities that are potential sources of pollution and the type of waste have also been identified. Appropriate prevention and control measures of pollution from the various sources are presented. Presented in Chapter 4 is monitoring and evaluation framework for the guidelines. The objective of the monitoring framework is to monitor and evaluate application of the guidelines.
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| Format: | Report biblioteca |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)
2012
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| Subjects: | Marine pollution, Anthropogenic factors, Environmental factors, Pollution effects, Sewage disposal, Marine resources, Effluents, Environmental protection, Pollution control, |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1834/7332 |
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