Seasonal variation in hydrographic parameters from the coastal waters of Pakistan
Seasonal variations in some hydrographic parameters were observed and studied from tidal creeks, mud flats and back waters from the coastal waters of Pakistan during January 1998 to December 1999. The bimodal pattern was observed in water temperature, mostly influenced by the season and ranged between 22-35.6°C in tidal creeks and 22-36.8°C between mudflats and backwaters. The lowest salinity was observed in tidal creeks (30-47) as compared to mudflats and backwaters (34-75) where the salinity was highest likely due to the dry conditions associated with the northeast monsoon and excess evaporation over precipitation. pH was ranged in between 7 to 8.06 and 7.14-9.13 in tidal creeks and backwaters respectively. The tidal creek stations showed significant seasonal differences in Air temperature (F3, 23 = 3.73, P < 0.05), water temperature (F3, 23 = 49.56, P < 0.05) and pH (F3, 23 = 5.04, P < 0.05), Dissolved oxygen (F 3, 23 = 4.68, P < 0.05), Suspended sediments (F 3, 23 = 6.97, P < 0.05), and transparency of water (F 3, 23 = 3.38, P < 0.05). The backwater mangrove swamps showed significant seasonal differences in air temperature (F3, 35 = 4.08, P < 0.05), water temperature (F3, 35 = 12.84, P < 0.05), pH (F3, 35 = 4.86, P < 0.05), Eh. mv (F3, 35 = 4.08, P < 0.05). The tidal mud flats showed significant seasonal differences in Air temperature (F3, 47 = 13.00, P < 0.05), water temperature (F3, 47 = 22.59, P < 0.05), therefore all parameters that were observed in tidal creek, mud flats and backwaters significantly influenced by the seasons.
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | article biblioteca |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2012
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| Subjects: | Oceanography, Seasonal variation, hydrographic, Sandspit, Port Qasim, Korangi Phitti Creek, Pakistan., |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1834/40772 |
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