Основные результаты исследований ЮгНИРО в Индоокеанском секторе Антарктики (к 50-летию начала рыбохозяйственных исследований АзЧерНИРО и АзЧеррыбпромразведки в Индоокеанском секторе Антарктики)
The year of 2017 is outstanding due to the 50th anniversary of the first Soviet fisheries studies in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean (FAO area 58), which were carried out on board a medium research and exploration vessel, the medium freezer trawler «Aelita» (length overall 54 m), in harsh weather conditions for the period from December 9, 1967, to April 25, 1968. As a part of the whaling fleet «Soviet Ukraine», «Aelita»'s mission involved exploration of whales and fish and krill aggregations in the Subantarctic area. The scientific crew of «Aelita» detected for the first time dense aggregations of the marbled rockcod Notothenia rossii, grey rockcod Lepidonotothen squamifrons as well as icefish species: mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari, unicorn icefish Channichthys rhinoceratus, and the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides. They were recorded in the shelf area of the Crozet and Kerguelen Islands on January 24, and then on February 9, 1968. The results of the second and third «Aelita» cruises (1968-1970) confirmed strong fishery potential of the off-island areas of the Subantarctic. Owing to the information obtained, 141 expeditions from AzCherNIRO and AzCherrybpromrazvedka operated in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean from 1967 to 1991. Multiscale complex research studies of habitat, food reserves, biology and stocks of commercially important fish species in the vicinity of the Kerguelen and Crozet Islands were carried out as well as research of krill and fish stocks in the continental shelf area. During that period, the data on evidenced resources were not published in the public media. AzCherNIRO (later on YugNIRO) studies in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean allowed to determine that high bioproductivity of the region was caused by cyclonic and anti-cyclonic vortices and by the zones of currents convergence and divergence. The «hydrodynamic trap» effect was identified for plankton, which ensured sufficient food resources for krill. A new hydrologic front, formed as a result of three weather fronts converging (Southern Polar, Subantarctic and Subtropic ones) was identified, as well as a new frontal zone, influencing plankton distribution («Antarctic Ice Cover Border»). The role of anti-cyclonic vortices in accumulation of krill aggregations was established. Close correlational relationships between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem around the Kerguelen Islands were found out, which allowed to forecast the stock state and fishing output with one- or two-year forecast interval. Since the beginning of the 1970s, the stocks of icefishes, cod icefishes (notothens) and the Patagonian toothfish were explored and taken over to fisheries in the Subantarctic, in the shelf area of the Kerguelen, Crozet, Heard and McDonald Islands, Ob and Lena banks, and other seabed elevations. For the first time, the 3-year recurrence pattern of high-productive mackerel icefish generations was identified. Large stocks of the Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum were recorded in the Prydz Bay (the Cooperation Sea) in 1978, of the spiny icefish Chaenodraco wilsoni and the blunt scalyhead Pseudotrematomus eulepidotus in the Cosmonaut, Riiser-Larsen, Cooperation, and Davis Seas in 1983-1985, and of the striped-eyed rockcod Lepidonotothen kempi in the Lazarev Sea in 1989. Unique multi-annual and comprehensive studies of the Antarctic krill biology in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean were carried out. It was established that krill lifespan is 5 years, not 3 years, as it had been previously suggested, which led to revision of the mathematical simulation results for the krill stock state. For the first time, productivity parameters were studied, and the intensity patterns in krill metabolic processes were identified. Quasi-stationary areas of dense krill aggregations were observed in the continental shelf area of the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean. Methodology for conducting trawl-acoustic surveys was developed, as well as the forecast scheme for krill catches in the Cooperation Sea, with two-year forecast interval. From 1971 to 1991, the Soviet fleet harvested 1,328 thousand tons of hydrobionts, including 826,000 tons of fish (62 %) and 498,000 tons of krill (38 %) in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean. The data from the initial cruises of the medium freezer trawler «Aelita» in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean, follow-up active and complex Soviet fisheries studies, carried out in the 1970-1980s, and expanded harvesting of aquatic living resources have demonstrated fisheries prospects in this region, and still remain the basis for estimation of their available stocks.
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Conference Material biblioteca |
| Language: | Russian |
| Published: |
Kerch Branch ("YugNIRO") of FSBSI "AzNIIRKH"
2017
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| Subjects: | Aquatic biological resources, Fishery institutions, Historical account, Pleuragramma antarcticum, Pseudotrematomus eulepidotus, Euphausia superba, Notothenia rossii, Lepidonotothen squamifrons, Dissostichus eleginoides, Chaenodraco wilsoni, New records, Icefish fisheries, Krill fisheries, Cruise reports, Stock assessment, |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1834/11063 |
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