The Collagens: Biochemistry and Pathophysiology [electronic resource] /

1 Introduction: Historical Outline -- 2 Structure, Heterogeneity, and Distribution -- 2.1 Basic Nomenclature -- 2.2 Triple-Chain Helical Structure -- 2.3 Distribution -- 2.4 Classification and General Structural Features of the Collagens -- 2.5 Type I, Type II, Type III Collagens, and Type I-Trimer Collagen -- 2.6 Type IV Collagen -- 2.7 Type V Collagen -- 2.8 Type VI Collagen -- 2.9 Type VII Collagen -- 2.10 Type VIII Collagen -- 2.11 Type IX Collagen -- 2.12 Type X Collagen -- 2.13 Type XI Collagen -- 2.14 Type XII Collagen -- 2.15 Type XIII Collagen -- 2.16 Proteins Containing a Collagenlike Sequence -- 2.16.1 Acetylcholinesterase -- 2.16.2 Mammalian Lectins -- 2.16.2.1 Complement Component C1q -- 2.16.2.2 Conglutinin -- 2.16.2.3 Mannan-Binding Protein -- 2.16.2.4 Lung Surfactant Protein -- 3 Biosynthesis of Collagen -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Procollagen Genes -- 3.3 Cleavage of the Signal Peptide -- 3.4 Hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine Residues -- 3.5 Glycosylation of Hydroxylysine Residues -- 3.6 Glycosylation of Asparagine Residues -- 3.7 Chain Association, Disulfide Bonding, and Formation of the Helical Structure -- 3.8 Conversion of Procollagen to Collagen -- 3.9 Formation of the Supramolecular Structures -- 3.10 Cross-Linking of Collagen -- 3.11 Interaction of Collagen with Components of the Extracellular Matrix -- 3.11.1 General Remarks -- 3.11.2 Collagen-Proteoglycan Interactions -- 3.11.3 Structural Glycoproteins -- 3.11.3.1 Fibronectin -- 3.11.3.2 Laminin -- 3.11.3.3 Entactin and Nitogen -- 3.11.3.4 Chondrionectin -- 3.11.3.5 Fibromodulin -- 4 Degradation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General Pathways of Collagen Degradation -- 4.3 Depolymerization -- 4.4 Tissue Collagenases -- 4.5 Collagenolytic Cathepsins -- 4.6 Gelatinases and Collagen Peptidase -- 4.7 Collagenolytic Enzymes of Microbial Origin -- 5 Turnover and Regulation of Collagen Metabolism -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Transcriptional and Translational Control of Collagen Synthesis -- 5.3 Regulation of Collagen Synthesis at the Intracellular Posttranslational Level -- 5.4 Intracellular Degradation of Procollagen -- 5.5 Feedback Inhibition of Biosynthesis of Collagen by Aminoterminal Propeptides -- 5.6 Role of the Free Proline Pool in the Regulation of Collagen Synthesis -- 5.7 Turnover of Collagen -- 6 Collagen in Development, Aging, and Phylogeny -- 6.1 Collagen and Development -- 6.2 Collagen and Aging -- 6.3 Phylogenetic Aspects of Collagen -- 6.3.1 Collagen and Animal Phylogeny -- 6.3.2 Plants and Unicellular Organisms -- 6.3.3 Porifera -- 6.3.4 Coelenterata -- 6.3.5 Platyhelmintha -- 6.3.6 Aschelminthes -- 6.3.7 Annelida -- 6.3.8 Arthropoda -- 6.3.9 Mollusca -- 6.3.10 Echinodermata -- 6.3.11 Chordata -- 7 Hormonal Regulation of Collagen Metabolism -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, and Thyrotropic Hormone -- 7.3 Glucocorticoids -- 7.4 Growth Hormone -- 7.5 Insulin and Glucagon -- 7.6 Prolactin -- 7.7 Histamine -- 8 Immunobiology of Collagen -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Antigenicity of Collagen and Procollagen -- 8.3 Immune Response to Collagens and Procollagens -- 8.4 Effect of Cytokines on Collagen Metabolism -- 9 Hereditary Disorders of Collagen -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome -- 9.3 The Marfan Syndrome -- 9.4 Osteogenesis Imperfecta -- 9.4.1 Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I -- 9.4.2 Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type II -- 9.4.3 Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type III -- 9.4.4 Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type IV -- 9.5 Epidermolysis Bullosa -- 9.6 Chondrodysplasias -- 9.7 Congenital Dislocation of the Hip -- 9.8 The Nail-Patella Syndrome -- 9.9 Hereditary Progressive Glomerulopathy (Alport’s Syndrome) -- 9.10 Homocystinuria -- 9.11 Alkaptonuria -- 9.12 Aspartylglycosaminuria -- 9.13 Familial Cutaneous Collagenoma -- 9.14 Focal Dermal Hypoplasia -- 9.15 Hyalinosis Cutis et Mucosae -- 9.16 Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva -- 9.17 Hereditary Disorders of Collagen Metabolism in Animals -- 10 Collagen Diseases -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Scleroderma and Related Conditions -- 10.3 Other Collagen Diseases -- 10.4 Drug-Induced Lupus-Like Syndrome -- 11 Musculoskeletal System -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Bone -- 11.2.1 Structure and Function -- 11.2.2 Collagen in Bone -- 11.2.3 Collagen in Pathology of Bone -- 11.2.3.1 Disturbed Regulation of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism -- 11.2.3.2 Osteoporosis -- 11.2.3.3 Paget’s Disease -- 11.3 Cartilage -- 11.3.1 Structure and Function -- 11.3.2 Collagens of the Cartilage -- 11.4 Intervertebral Disc -- 11.4.1 Structure and Function -- 11.4.2 Collagen in the Intervertebral Disc -- 11.4.3 Collagen in Pathology of the Intervertebral Disc -- 11.4.3.1 Age-Related Degeneration -- 11.4.3.2 Chemonucleolysis -- 11.4.3.3 Scoliosis -- 11.5 Tendons and Related Structures -- 11.5.1 Structure and Function -- 11.5.2 Collagen in Tendinous Pathology -- 11.5.2.1 Dupuytren’s Contracture -- 11.5.2.2 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- 11.6 Joints -- 11.6.1 Role of Collagen in the Structure and Function -- 11.7 Skeletal Muscle -- 11.7.1 Role of Collagen in the Structure and Function -- 11.7.2 Collagen in the Pathology -- 11.8 Collagen in Rheumatic Disorders -- 11.8.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 11.8.2 Osteoarthrosis -- 11.8.3 Animal Models of Rheumatic Disorders -- 12 Cardiovascular System -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Heart -- 12.2.1 General Structural Features -- 12.2.2 Collagen in the Normal Heart Muscle -- 12.2.3 Collagen in Myocardial Hypertrophy -- 12.2.4 Collagen in Myocardial Infarction -- 12.2.5 Collagen in the Valves in Health and Disease -- 12.3 Vessels -- 12.3.1 General Characteristics -- 12.3.2 Collagen in the Normal Vessel Wall -- 12.3.3 Atherosclerosis -- 12.3.4 Hypertension -- 13 Respiratory System -- 13.1 General Structural Features -- 13.2 Collagen Content in the Lungs -- 13.3 Cells Involved in Collagen Production -- 13.4 Collagen and Lung Disease -- 13.4.1 Introduction -- 13.4.2 Fibrotic Lung Disorders -- 13.4.3 Destructive Lung Disorders -- 14 The Liver -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Collagen Content in the Liver -- 14.3 Collagen Synthesizing Cells -- 14.4 Fibrosis as a Response of the Liver Bioecosystem -- 14.5 Collagen Content in the Fibrotic Liver -- 14.6 Metabolism of Collagen in the Liver -- 14.7 Regulation of Collagen Metabolism and Development of Fibrosis -- 14.8 Collagen in Liver Regeneration -- 14.9 Collagen Metabolism in Diseases of the Bile Ducts -- 14.10 Indices of Collagen Metabolism in Hepatic Disorders -- 15 The Teeth and Periodontal Tissues -- 15.1 Structure and Collagen Content in Normal Teeth -- 15.1.1 Dentin -- 15.1.2 Cementum -- 15.1.3 Enamel -- 15.1.4 Dental Pulp -- 15.1.5 Periodontium -- 15.2 The Role of Collagen in Development of Teeth -- 15.3 Collagen and Dental and Periodontal Pathology -- 15.3.1 Periodontal Disease -- 15.3.2 Hydantoin-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia -- 16 The Skin and Wound Healing -- 16.1 Collagen in the Skin -- 16.2 Collagen in Cutaneous Diseases -- 16.3 Collagen in Keloids -- 16.4 Wound Healing -- 17 The Eye and The Ear -- 17.1 The Eye -- 17.1.1 General Structural Features -- 17.1.2 The Cornea and the Sclera -- 17.1.3 The Uvea -- 17.1.4 The Lens -- 17.1.5 The Vitreous Body -- 17.1.6 The Retina -- 17.1.7 Collagen in Ocular Pathology -- 17.2 The Ear -- 18 Urinary and Reproductive Systems -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 The Urinary System -- 18.3 The Ovary -- 18.4 The Uterus and Pregnancy -- 18.5 Placenta -- 19 Collagen in the Nervous System -- 20 Collagen in Hematology -- 20.1 Collagen and Hematostasis -- 20.2 Collagen in the Bone Marrow -- 20.3 Collagen in the Lymph Nodes -- 21 Collagen and Neoplasia -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Collagen in the Stroma of Neoplasms -- 21.3 Collagenolysis and Tumor Invasion -- 22 Effect of Nutrition -- 22.1 Malnutrition and Overnutrition -- 22.2 Scurvy -- 23 Effect of Ionizing Radiation -- 24 Pharmacological Control of Collagen Metabolism -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Direct Inhibitors of Collagen Synthesis -- 24.2.1 Pharmacological Control of Hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine Residues -- 24.2.1.1 Structural Analogues of Proline -- 24.2.1.2 Cosubstrates and Cofactors of Hydroxylation -- 24.2.1.3 Fibrostatins -- 24.2.2 Pharmacological Control of Collagen Secretion -- 24.2.3 Pharmacological Control of the Conversion of Procollagen to Collagen -- 24.2.4 Pharmacological Control of Extracellular Processing of Collagen -- 24.2.4.1 Lathyrism -- 24.2.4.2 Penicillamine -- 24 2 4 3 Inhibitors of Lysyl Oxidase with Respect to Pyridoxal -- 24.2.5 Antifibroblast Serum -- 24.3 Pharmacological Control of Collagen Degradation -- 24.3.1 Induction of Collagenolysis -- 24.3.2 Inhibitors of Collagenase Secretion -- 24.3.3 Inhibitors of Mammalian Collagenases -- 24.4 Drugs That Indirectly Affect Collagen Metabolism -- 24.4.1 Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs -- 24.4.2 Tissue Extracts -- 24.4.3 Heavy Metals -- 24.4.4 Fluoride -- 24.4.5 Cytostatic Drugs -- 24.4.6 Immunomodulants -- 24.4.7 Antibiotics -- 25 Indices of Collagen Metabolism in Clinical Practice -- References.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Kucharz, Eugene J. author., SpringerLink (Online service)
Format:	Texto biblioteca
Language:	eng
Published:	Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992
Subjects:	Life sciences., Orthopedics., Biochemistry., Life Sciences., Biochemistry, general.,
Online Access:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76197-3
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