Efectos fisiológicos y microclimáticos de diferentes prácticas de manejo agrícola en el maíz
Background: Maize is cultivated under different agricultural management systems, which influence the ecological dynamics of the crop, and therefore the physiology of the plant. Questions: What is the effect of different agricultural management on the microclimate and the physiology of maize plants? Studied species: Zea mays L. Study site and dates: Nacajuca, Tabasco, Mexico; January to April 2017. Methods: Physiological performance of maize plants and microclimatic variation in the crop area was characterized under three management systems: maize monoculture, maize-bean, and maize-bean-squash intercropping. Each treatment was established in three 100 m² plots (300 m² per treatment). Four measurements were taken between days 33 and 99 after maize sowing, to characterize five microclimatic parameters (relative air humidity, air and soil temperature, vapor-pressure deficit and soil volumetric water content) and nine physiological parameters (photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, electron transport rate, quantum efficiency of photosystem II, non-photochemical quenching, foliar water potential and chlorophyll content). Results: Maximum soil temperature was up to 4.4 ºC less in the maize-bean system than in the monoculture at 15:00 h; soil in the maize-bean-squash intercropping retained up to 45 % more water than the monoculture throughout the day. Photosynthesis and electron transport rate in the maize-bean intercropping was up to 32 % higher than in the monoculture. The highest non-photochemical quenching and transpiration rate were observed in the maize-bean-squash system. Conclusions: The maize-bean and maize-bean-squash combination provides maize plants with lower soil temperature and higher water availability, allowing them better physiological performance compared to monoculture.
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Texto biblioteca |
| Language: | eng |
| Subjects: | Maíz, Monocultivo, Cultivo intercalado, Ecofisiología vegetal, Fotosíntesis, Microclima, Artfrosur, |
| Online Access: | https://www.botanicalsciences.com.mx/index.php/botanicalSciences/article/view/2640/4179 |
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