A re-examination of host relations in the Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
Host relations arnong the Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are highly intriguing from an evolutionary view. Females are usualy primary endoparasitoids of white flies or scale insects whereast he development of the male is different and has been used for classification. In heteronomous hyperparasitoids (adelphoparasitoids or autoparasitoids)the male developsas a hyperparasitoid of conspecific females or other endoparasitoids pecies. We review the consequences of this mode of development which is unique because decisions concerning host selection are inextricably linked with progeny sex ratio. Autoparasitoid field sex ratios can fluctuate drarnatica lyconcurrent with changesin the relative availability of male and female hosts. A recent adaptive explanation for these sex ratios involves understanding the reproductive constraints acting on heteronomous parasitoids. Host relations in these parasitoids can show a degree of plasticity. We argue that in many instances auto parasitism marbe facultative in nature and should not be used for classification Heterotrophic parasitism wherein the male developsas a primary parasitoid o flepidopterous eggs, has been poorly understoodin the past due to uncertainties in reports of the biology and taxonomy of heterotrophic parasitoids. The host relations of this group are clarified.
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Texto biblioteca |
| Language: | eng |
| Subjects: | Aphelinidae, Lepidópteros, Parasitoides, Relaciones huésped-patógeno, Hiperparasitoides heterónomos, Control de plagas, |
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