Integriertes anbaumanagement im zuckerrohr (Saccharum spp.) und seine einflüsse auf das agrarökosystem - Erfahrungen aus Chiapas, Mexiko
Sugarcane is grown on 12.000 ha and hence represents one of the most economically important crops in the Soconusco, Chiapas. Since more than 30 years sugarcane has been cropped with double burning every year (before and after harvest), combined with intensive use of herbicides and of mechanical weeding to guarantee weed free sugarcane fields. These practices selected persistent weed species (Cynodon dactylon) and reduced soil fertility and stability of the agro ecosystem. Since 1998 the effects of integrated cropping management have been analyzed in a long-term experiment. This trial is carried out in Huixtla, Chiapas, and consists of an experimental design with strip system (3 x 100 x 32,5 m) including three cropping management systems (no burning as opposed to one and two burnings), and is laid out in a block design with four repetitions. During eight years, the different cropping management and the growth parameters of sugarcane (stalk height, diameter and number of stalks, juice purity, sugar yield and cost-benefit ratio) were monitored monthly as well as the dynamics of abundance, dominance and diversity of weed communities. Results point towards overwhelming advantage of cutting sugarcane green not only for achieving better growth, higher juice purity and sugar yield but also as a strategy for sustaining long-term reduction of weed aggressiveness off-set by a greater sugarcane biomass production (i.e. stalk height, diameter and number of stalks). Furthermore, differences were noted as to pH as well as to soil organic matter, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content. Also were increased earthworm abundance and diversity of formicidae. Double burning of sugarcane resulted in greater weed abundance and dominance. Cropping cane without burning showed a much higher income (2684 €/ha) in comparison with one burning (1964 €/ha) and two burnings (1366 €/ha).
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Texto biblioteca |
| Language: | ger |
| Subjects: | Caña de azúcar, Productividad agrícola, Control de malezas, Lombrices de tierra, Agroecosistemas, Artfrosur, |
| Online Access: | http://www.ulmer.de/artikel.dll/15-Pohlan_MTAyNTg3.PDF?UID=F399DC4226691277B2655E6C0CF5F8A15B18ABE74091B2 |
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