Untersuchungen sur konkurrez zwischen Bäumen und annuellen Feld Früchten im humiden tropischen tiefland Cosa Ricas
Agroforestry systems combine permanent woody perennial, herbaceous plants and/or animals in space and/or in time on the same area. Their productivity depends on the intensity of interspecific plant competition for growth factors and the possibility to utilize complementary effects. In the Sixaola/Valley, Canton Talamanca, Costa Rica, the cultivation of annual field crops in young tree plantations until the trees close their canopy benefit mainly from the complementary use of light. Specially wide initial tree spacings are suitable for a temporary agricultural use. The output from such field crops can reduce the total costs of the plantation. The combination of trees for timber production and annual crops aims at a rapid initial growth of the trees. Tree growth is not expected to be hindered by the annual crops. The interspecific competition between trees and annual crops can be lowered for the trees, by the appropriate choice of crop species or distance between trees and crops (tree-crop-distance (TCD)). The studies in the Sixaola-Valley examine the growth reaction of the native tree species Cordia alliodora and the Southeast Asian species Eucalyptus deglupta, in combination with two different field crop rotations. The TCD increases gradually by 20 cm from 40 cm to 120 cm, using a systematic spacing design derived from a NELDER-fan design. The chosen field crop rotations are "Zea mays-Zea mays-Zea mays" and "Manihot esculenta-Zea mays". Both species are major crops in the Sixaola-Valley. They are easy to manage in combination with trees but have a high competitive ability against young trees. The choice of the right distance between trees and crops might optimize the system leading to maximum tree growth with minimum crop yield loss. The temporal cultivation phase ends in the 56th week after the experiment's initiation. The last data for the trees are available for the 72nd week. Based on the results of the present experiment in the Sixaola-Valley for reforestation with Cordia alliodora, a combination with a pure maize rotation at a TCD of 100-120 cm can be recommended. For Eucalyptus deglupta a TCD of 40-60 cm would be possible. Wide initial spacings of the trees prolong the period of cultivation with the field crop. On highly fertile soils, both tree species could serve as shade trees for Theobroma cacao. For this purpose, the shade tree spacing should be orientated at the later spacing of the cocoa trees.
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| Format: | biblioteca |
| Language: | spa |
| Published: |
Gottingen (Alemania)
1993
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| Subjects: | MANIHOT ESCULENTA, ZEA MAYS, CORDIA ALLIODORA, COMPETENCIA BIOLOGICA, ESPACIAMIENTO, UTILIZACION DE LA TIERRA, PLANTAS ANUALES, CULTIVOS ALIMENTICIOS, ROTACION DE CULTIVOS, TIERRAS BAJAS, SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO, TROPICO HUMEDO, TALAMANCA, COSTA RICA, |
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