Poland
Poland, }} officially the Republic of Poland, , }} is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory is characterised by a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and temperate transitional climate. Poland is composed of sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the fifth largest EU country by land area, covering a combined area of . The capital and largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk.Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Glacial Period. Culturally diverse throughout late antiquity, in the early medieval period the region became inhabited by the West Slavic tribal Polans, who gave Poland its name. The process of establishing statehood coincided with the conversion of a pagan ruler of the Polans to Christianity, under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church in 966. The Kingdom of Poland emerged in 1025, and in 1569 cemented its long-standing association with Lithuania, thus forming the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the time, the Commonwealth was one of the great powers of Europe, with an elective monarchy and a uniquely liberal political system, which adopted Europe's first modern constitution in 1791.
With the passing of the prosperous Polish Golden Age, the country was partitioned by neighbouring states at the end of the 18th century. Poland regained its independence at the end of World War I in 1918 with the creation of the Second Polish Republic, which emerged victorious in various conflicts of the interbellum period. In September 1939, the invasion of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union marked the beginning of World War II, which resulted in the Holocaust and millions of Polish casualties. Forced into the Eastern Bloc in the global Cold War, the Polish People's Republic was a founding signatory of the Warsaw Pact. Through the emergence and contributions of the Solidarity movement, the communist government was dissolved and Poland re-established itself as a democratic state in 1989.
Poland is a unitary parliamentary republic with its bicameral legislature comprising the Sejm and the Senate. Considered a middle power, it is a developed market and high-income economy that is the sixth largest in the EU by nominal GDP and the fifth largest by GDP (PPP). Poland enjoys a very high standard of living, safety, and economic freedom, as well as free university education and universal health care. The country has 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 15 of which are cultural. Poland is a founding member state of the United Nations and a member of the World Trade Organization, OECD, NATO, and the European Union (including the Schengen Area). Provided by Wikipedia
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522by Duncan, N. (ed.), UNESCO, Paris (France). Programme on Man and the Biosphere eng, Workshop (on) Land Use Impacts on Lake and Reservoir Ecosystems eng 26 May 1978 Warsaw (Poland), Rzoska, J. (ed.)
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525Investment assistance for sustainable development of the mountain areas in Poland Investment assistance for sustainable development of the mountain areas in Polandby Cyron, A., FAO, Rome (Italy). Forestry Department eng, Komornicki, K., Kutkowska, B., Latocha, A., Malarski, R., Waszkiewicz, J., Foundation of Assistance Programmes for Agriculture FAPA, Warszawa (Poland) eng
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527by Poland, J.A., Endelman, J.B., Dawson, J., Rutkoski, J., Shuangye Wu, Manes, Y., Dreisigacker, S., Crossa, J., Sanchez-Villeda, H., Sorrells, M.E., Jannink, J.L.
Published 2012Article bibliotecaCIMMYT -
528Grain quality data from CIMMYT bread wheat breeding program (2010-2015) Grain quality data from CIMMYT bread wheat breeding program (2010-2015)by Battenfield, Sarah, Sheridan, Jaime, Silva, Luciano, Miclaus, Kelci, Dreisigacker, Susanne, Wolfinger, Russell, Peña Bautista, Roberto Javier, Singh, Ravi, Jackson, Eric, Fritz, Allan, Guzman, Carlos, Poland, Jesse
Published 2018Phenotypic data, Experimental data bibliotecaCIMMYT -
529by Bonnett, D.G., Yongle Li, Crossa, J., Dreisigacker, S., Basnet, B.R., Perez-Rodriguez, P., Alvarado Beltrán, G., Jannink, J.L., Poland, J.A., Sorrells, M.E.
Published 2022Article bibliotecaCIMMYT -
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531by Easson, D.L. (Agricultural Research Inst. of Northern Ireland, Hillsborough (United Kingdom)), Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland) eng, European Regional Workshop on Flax eng 15-17 Jun 1993 3 Bonn (Germany), Anderson, R., Shekhar Sharma, H.S., Kozlowski, R. (ed.), Instytut Wlokien Naturalnych, Poznan (Poland) oth, FAO, Rome (Italy). European Cooperative Research Network on Flax eng, FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe eng
Published 1994Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
532by Ferrari, M., Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland) eng, European Regional Workshop on Flax eng 15-17 Jun 1993 3 Bonn (Germany), Robinet, L., Tschirhart, A. (Institut Technique Agricole du Lin, Paris (France)), Kozlowski, R. (ed.), Instytut Wlokien Naturalnych, Poznan (Poland) oth, FAO, Rome (Italy). European Cooperative Research Network on Flax eng, FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe eng
Published 1994Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
533by Mlynarova, L., Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland) eng, European Regional Workshop on Flax eng 15-17 Jun 1993 3 Bonn (Germany), Pretbva, A. (Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra (Slovakia). Inst. of Plant Genetics), Mc Hughen, A., Kozlowski, R. (ed.), Instytut Wlokien Naturalnych, Poznan (Poland) oth, FAO, Rome (Italy). European Cooperative Research Network on Flax eng, FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe eng
Published 1994Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
534by Domier, K.W., Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland) eng, European Regional Workshop on Flax eng 15-17 Jun 1993 3 Bonn (Germany), O'Neill, P.H., Bach, L. (Alberta Univ., Edmonton (Canada)), Kozlowski, R. (ed.), Instytut Wlokien Naturalnych, Poznan (Poland) oth, FAO, Rome (Italy). European Cooperative Research Network on Flax eng, FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe eng
Published 1994Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
535by Kozlowski, R. 1423211773412, Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland) eng 406171, European Regional Workshop on Flax eng 15-17 Jun 1993 3 Bonn (Germany) 10882, Grabowska, L. 1423211773413, Baraniecki, P. 1423211773414, Mscisz, J. 1423211773415, Instytut Włókien Naturalnych, Poznan (Poland) pol 1423211773416, FAO, Rome (Italy). European Cooperative Research Network on Flax eng 1423211773417, FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe eng 1423211762245
Published 1994Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
536Angling, recreation, commercial fisheries and problems of water resources allocation (in Poland) Angling, recreation, commercial fisheries and problems of water resources allocation (in Poland)by Leopold, M., Technical Consultation on Allocation of Fishery Resources eng 20 Apr 1980 Vichy (France), Bninska, M. (Inland Fisheries Inst., Olsztyn-Kortowo (Poland)), Hus, M., Grover, J.H. (ed.)
Published 1981Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
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