Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods
Crop production by conservation tillage was readily adopted by farmers during the 1990’s in Argentina. The type and degree of tillage cause modifications in the soil environment that affect the behavior, development and survival of soil-dwelling arthropods. The effect of conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) on density and activity of soil-inhabiting arthropods was evaluated on different dates, on two soybean crops (vegetative and reproductive stages), one maize crop (reproductive stage) and one soybean fallow. Two sampling methods, pitfall traps, with a preservative solution, for soil surface epigeous arthropods and quadrat samples for hypogeous arthropods, were used. In general, the density of phytophagous-detritivorous and predaceous arthropods, spiders and phitophagous-detritivorous larvae (Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera) was significantly higher in NT crops. The type of tillage did not affect the activity of most epigeous arthropods; but predator activity was generally higher in CT crops and spider frequency was superior in NT. Carabid density was not affected by the type of tillage, whereas their activity and particularly that of Calosoma spp. was greater under CT. Carabids species responded differently to both tillage systems. Pterostichini tribe (Carabidae) predominated in density in SD treatments, while its activity was low under both tillage systems. Argutoridius bonariensis Dejean (Carabidae: Ptrostichini) was only observed on NT soybean crops by quadrat samples. Selenophorus alternans Dejean (Carabidae: Harpalini) was more abundant under CT with both sampling methods. The different results obtained with different sampling methods, show the importance of using absolute and relative methods for assessing the effect of soil management in agroecosystems on arthropods populations. Relative abundance of carabids species in pitfall traps with respect to soil samples was explained by their sizes and circadian rhythms. The evaluation of all arthropods species of an ensemble and their classification in trophic groups provide unbiased, broad and functional information about the long time effects of soil management in agroecosystems.
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Asociación Argentina de Ecología
2008
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Lietti, Marcela Gamundi, Juan C. Montero, Guillermo Molinari, Alicia Bulacio, Valeria |
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Lietti, Marcela Gamundi, Juan C. Montero, Guillermo Molinari, Alicia Bulacio, Valeria Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods |
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Lietti, Marcela Gamundi, Juan C. Montero, Guillermo Molinari, Alicia Bulacio, Valeria |
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Lietti, Marcela |
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Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods |
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Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods |
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Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods |
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Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods |
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Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods |
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effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods |
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Crop production by conservation tillage was readily adopted by farmers during the 1990’s in Argentina. The type and degree of tillage cause modifications in the soil environment that affect the behavior, development and survival of soil-dwelling arthropods. The effect of conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) on density and activity of soil-inhabiting arthropods was evaluated on different dates, on two soybean crops (vegetative and reproductive stages), one maize crop (reproductive stage) and one soybean fallow. Two sampling methods, pitfall traps, with a preservative solution, for soil surface epigeous arthropods and quadrat samples for hypogeous arthropods, were used. In general, the density of phytophagous-detritivorous and predaceous arthropods, spiders and phitophagous-detritivorous larvae (Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera) was significantly higher in NT crops. The type of tillage did not affect the activity of most epigeous arthropods; but predator activity was generally higher in CT crops and spider frequency was superior in NT. Carabid density was not affected by the type of tillage, whereas their activity and particularly that of Calosoma spp. was greater under CT. Carabids species responded differently to both tillage systems. Pterostichini tribe (Carabidae) predominated in density in SD treatments, while its activity was low under both tillage systems. Argutoridius bonariensis Dejean (Carabidae: Ptrostichini) was only observed on NT soybean crops by quadrat samples. Selenophorus alternans Dejean (Carabidae: Harpalini) was more abundant under CT with both sampling methods. The different results obtained with different sampling methods, show the importance of using absolute and relative methods for assessing the effect of soil management in agroecosystems on arthropods populations. Relative abundance of carabids species in pitfall traps with respect to soil samples was explained by their sizes and circadian rhythms. The evaluation of all arthropods species of an ensemble and their classification in trophic groups provide unbiased, broad and functional information about the long time effects of soil management in agroecosystems. |
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Asociación Argentina de Ecología |
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2008 |
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https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1398 |
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rev-ecoaus-article-13982020-11-07T16:22:15Z Effect of two tillage systems on the abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods Efecto de dos sistemas de labranza sobre la abundancia de artrópodos que habitan en el suelo Lietti, Marcela Gamundi, Juan C. Montero, Guillermo Molinari, Alicia Bulacio, Valeria agroecosystem soil arthropods no tillage conventional tillage pitfall traps agroecosistema artrópodos edáficos labranza cero labranza convencional trampas de caída Crop production by conservation tillage was readily adopted by farmers during the 1990’s in Argentina. The type and degree of tillage cause modifications in the soil environment that affect the behavior, development and survival of soil-dwelling arthropods. The effect of conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) on density and activity of soil-inhabiting arthropods was evaluated on different dates, on two soybean crops (vegetative and reproductive stages), one maize crop (reproductive stage) and one soybean fallow. Two sampling methods, pitfall traps, with a preservative solution, for soil surface epigeous arthropods and quadrat samples for hypogeous arthropods, were used. In general, the density of phytophagous-detritivorous and predaceous arthropods, spiders and phitophagous-detritivorous larvae (Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera) was significantly higher in NT crops. The type of tillage did not affect the activity of most epigeous arthropods; but predator activity was generally higher in CT crops and spider frequency was superior in NT. Carabid density was not affected by the type of tillage, whereas their activity and particularly that of Calosoma spp. was greater under CT. Carabids species responded differently to both tillage systems. Pterostichini tribe (Carabidae) predominated in density in SD treatments, while its activity was low under both tillage systems. Argutoridius bonariensis Dejean (Carabidae: Ptrostichini) was only observed on NT soybean crops by quadrat samples. Selenophorus alternans Dejean (Carabidae: Harpalini) was more abundant under CT with both sampling methods. The different results obtained with different sampling methods, show the importance of using absolute and relative methods for assessing the effect of soil management in agroecosystems on arthropods populations. Relative abundance of carabids species in pitfall traps with respect to soil samples was explained by their sizes and circadian rhythms. The evaluation of all arthropods species of an ensemble and their classification in trophic groups provide unbiased, broad and functional information about the long time effects of soil management in agroecosystems. En Argentina, la producción de cultivos mediante labranzas conservacionistas fue rápidamente adoptada por los productores durante la década del noventa. El tipo y grado de labranza producen modificaciones en el ambiente edáfico que influyen en el comportamiento, desarrollo y sobrevivencia de los artrópodos que habitan en el suelo. Evaluamos el efecto de dos tipos de labranza, labranza cero (SD) y labranza convencional (LC), sobre la densidad y actividad de los artrópodos que habitan en el suelo en distintos momentos, en dos cultivos de soja (vegetativo y reproductivo), un cultivo de maíz (reproductivo) y un rastrojo de soja. Utilizamos dos técnicas de muestreo, trampas de caída para artrópodos epígeos de la superficie del suelo y quadrat samples para artrópodos hipógeos. En general, la densidad de los artrópodos fitófagos- detritívoros y predadores, las arañas y las larvas fitófagas-detritívoras (Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera) fue significativamente mayor en cultivos con SD. El tipo de labranza no afectó la actividad de la mayoría de los grupos de artrópodos de la superficie del suelo, pero la actividad de los predadores fue generalmente mayor en LC y la frecuencia de arañas fue superior en SD. La densidad de carábidos no fue afectada por el tipo de labranza, mientras que su actividad y especialmente la de Calosoma spp. fue mayor en LC. Las especies de carábidos mostraron diferencias en su respuesta al tipo de labranza. La tribu Pterostichini (Carabidae) predominó en SD y dentro de ella, Argutoridius bonariensis Dejean estuvo presente sólo en cultivos de soja con SD a través de quadrat samples. Selenophorus alternans Dejean (Carabidae: Harpalini) fue más abundante en LC por ambas técnicas de muestreo. Las diferencias documentadas para las distintas técnicas de muestreo empleadas demuestran la importancia de utilizar métodos relativos y absolutos para evaluar el efecto del manejo del suelo en agroecosistemas sobre las poblaciones de artrópodos. La abundancia relativa de las especies de carábidos colectadas en trampas de caída con respecto a muestras de suelo fue explicada en función del ritmo circadiano y el tamaño de las especies. La evaluación de todas las especies de artrópodos de un ensamble y su clasificación en grupos tróficos brindan información amplia, no sesgada y funcional sobre los efectos del manejo del suelo en agroecosistemas a largo plazo. Asociación Argentina de Ecología 2008-04-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículos application/pdf https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1398 Ecología Austral; Vol. 18 No. 1 (2008); 071-087 Ecología Austral; Vol. 18 Núm. 1 (2008); 071-087 0327-5477 1667-7838 spa https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1398/759 Derechos de autor 2020 Ecología Austral |