The STK domain of the cassava bacterial blight resistance protein RXam1 interacts with an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) represents food security support for nearly one billion people, mainly in the tropics. One of the limiting factors of cassava’s production is cassava bacterial blight, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). Recently, the RXam1 gene was identified, which confers partial resistance to some Xam strains. RXam1 encodes a protein with an extracellular LRR (Leucine Rich Repeats) domain and a cytoplasmic STK (Serine Threonine Kinase) domain; these proteins are known as RLK (Receptor-like Kinases). In this study, a cassava cDNA library was screened using a yeast Two-hybrid assay to identify possible proteins interacting with the STK domain of RXam1. Screening of 3x108 clones allowed identifying and confirming five of them, which correspond to the same gene, and code for a protein that has a core domain of zinc fingers CHY, followed by a C-terminal “RING finger” domain and a “Zinc ribbon”. This gene was called CRFE3-1 (Cassava RING Finger E3 ligase). It was also demonstrated by yeast Two- hybrid that STK does not interact with an E3 ligase of Arabidopsis that is highly like CRFE3-1. CRFE3-1 did not show interaction with the STK domain of an RLK of lettuce related to RXam1, indicating a highly specific interaction between cassava RXam1 STK and CRFE3-1. The identification of CRFE3-1 suggests that protein degradation mechanisms are important to regulate the activity of RXam1.