The Next 4 Billion : Characterizing BoP Markets

The Next 4 Billion : Characterizing BoP Markets

This study uses empirical measures to describe the behavior of low-income populations as consumers and producers. In aggregate, their purchasing power suggests significant market opportunities. By quantifying this market and describing its characteristics, the author hopes to stimulate business development and investment that can better meet the needs of these populations, as well as increase their productivity and incomes and empower their entry into the formal economy. The four billion people at the base of the economic pyramid Balance of Payment (BoP) all those with incomes below $3,000 in local purchasing power live in relative poverty. Their incomes in current U.S. dollars are less than $3.35 a day in Brazil, $2.11 in China, $1.89 in Ghana, and $1.56 in India. Yet together they have substantial purchasing power: the BoP constitutes a $5 trillion global consumer market.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hammond, Allen L., Kramer, William J., Katz, Robert S., Tran, Julia T., Walker, Courtland
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2008-07
Subjects:ACCESS TO MARKETS, ACCESS TO SERVICES, BANK ACCOUNT, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES, CONSUMER, CONSUMER MARKET, CONSUMERS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DWELLING, EXPENDITURE, EXPENDITURES, FARMERS, FINANCIAL SERVICES, GLOBAL MARKET, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SPENDING, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSING, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME LEVEL, INCOMES, INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS, INTEREST RATES, INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, LOCAL MONEYLENDERS, LOW INCOME, LOW-INCOME, LOWER INCOME, MARKET ANALYSIS, MARKET DATA, MARKET ECONOMY, MARKET INFORMATION, MARKET SIZE, MIDDLEMEN, MONOPOLISTIC MARKETS, POOR, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY, PURCHASING, PURCHASING POWER, RAPID GROWTH, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, SANITATION, SMALL BUSINESSES, SOURCES OF INCOME, SURPLUS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, URBAN AREAS,
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/07/9753789/next-4-billion-characterizing-bop-markets
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/9508
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Summary:This study uses empirical measures to describe the behavior of low-income populations as consumers and producers. In aggregate, their purchasing power suggests significant market opportunities. By quantifying this market and describing its characteristics, the author hopes to stimulate business development and investment that can better meet the needs of these populations, as well as increase their productivity and incomes and empower their entry into the formal economy. The four billion people at the base of the economic pyramid Balance of Payment (BoP) all those with incomes below $3,000 in local purchasing power live in relative poverty. Their incomes in current U.S. dollars are less than $3.35 a day in Brazil, $2.11 in China, $1.89 in Ghana, and $1.56 in India. Yet together they have substantial purchasing power: the BoP constitutes a $5 trillion global consumer market.

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