Education, Training and Labor Market Outcomes for Youth in Indonesia

This report is part of the Analytical and Advisory Activities (AAA) program focusing on the engagement area of 'skills development, competitiveness, and knowledge economy' and is based on several background papers and technical notes written on the characteristics of youth employment and the role of education and skills in the school-to-work transition in Indonesia. The slow transition of graduates is explored in detail in section two, which pays special attention to differences by education levels. It highlights the difficulties of senior secondary school graduates in accessing good quality jobs and the high unemployment rate that they face upon graduation. Given these worrisome signs of young senior secondary school graduates (considered the lower tier of 'skilled' workers) and expected increases in the transition to senior secondary education (which are already rising rapidly), section three focuses on the senior secondary school level. Seeking to shed some light on the question of whether senior secondary education is providing the right skills for its students, the section explores the employment profile of vocational (SMK) vs. general (SMA) graduates and, drawing on a recent survey of employers, argues against a drastic increase in the proportion of vocational students, highlighting instead the need to adjust the skill base of senior secondary school graduates. Based on the findings, section four explores ways to meet the demand for skills through changes in senior secondary school, strengthening of the non-formal training system and providing targeted entrepreneurship programs. Finally, section five provides some overall recommendations going forward.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Other Education Study biblioteca
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2010-08-01
Subjects:	ACADEMIC SKILLS, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION, ACCESS TO TRAINING, ACCREDITATION, ACCREDITATION SYSTEM, ACCREDITATION SYSTEMS, AGE COHORT, AGE GROUP, BACKGROUND PAPERS, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, BASIC COMPETENCIES, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC MATHEMATICS, BASIC SKILLS, BLOCK GRANTS, CAREER, CHILDREN, COGNITIVE SKILLS, COLLEGE, COMPUTER LITERACY, COMPUTER SKILLS, CONTINUOUS LEARNING, CURRICULA, CURRICULUM, CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT, DEGREES, DROPOUT RATES, EARLY GRADES, EDUCATED PARENTS, EDUCATED WORKERS, EDUCATED WORKFORCE, EDUCATION, EDUCATION CAPACITY, EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, EDUCATION EXPENDITURE, EDUCATION FOR ALL, EDUCATION FOR YOUTH, EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, EDUCATION STUDENTS, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATION SYSTEMS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPLOYABILITY, EMPLOYEES, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS, ENROLLMENT RATES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING, EXAM, EXPANSION OF EDUCATION, FEES, FEMALE STUDENTS, FORMAL EDUCATION SECTOR, FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEM, FORMAL LABOR MARKET, FURTHER EDUCATION, GENERAL EDUCATION, GENERIC SKILLS, GER, GRADUATE, GRADUATES WITH SKILLS, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE, HIGH SCHOOL, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, INFORMAL EDUCATION, INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES, INSTITUTES, INTERVENTIONS, INVESTMENT, JOB, JOB CREATION, JOB MARKET, JOB TRAINING, JOBLESS GROWTH, JOBS, JUNIOR SECONDARY, JUNIOR SECONDARY EDUCATION, JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KNOWLEDGE, KNOWLEDGE BASE, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, LABOR, LABOR FORCE, LABOR INTENSITY, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR SUPPLY, LEARNING, LEARNING OUTCOMES, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE SKILLS, LIFE SKILLS EDUCATION, LIFELONG LEARNING, LITERATURE, LOW-INCOME STUDENTS, LOWER SECONDARY LEVEL, MANAGEMENT, MANPOWER, MINIMUM WAGE, MINISTRIES, NATIONAL ACCREDITATION, NATIONAL EDUCATION, NET ENROLLMENT, NET ENROLLMENT RATE, NEW ENTRANTS, NONFORMAL EDUCATION, NONFORMAL TRAINING, NUMBER OF TEACHERS, OLDER AGE GROUPS, PARENTAL EDUCATION, PARTICIPATION, PARTICIPATION RATES, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE ENROLLMENTS, PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS, PRIVATE SCHOOL, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, PRIVATE TRAINING, PROBLEM SOLVING, PROFESSIONAL LIFE, PUBLIC SCHOOL, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, PUBLIC TRAINING, QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMS, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY OF INSTRUCTION, QUALITY STANDARDS, QUALITY TRAINING, READING, READING SKILLS, RESEARCH, RETURN TO EDUCATION, RETURNS TO EDUCATION, RURAL AREAS, SAFETY NET, SCHOOL CURRICULA, SCHOOL CURRICULUM, SCHOOL DROPOUT, SCHOOL DROPOUTS, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SCHOOL GRADUATES, SCHOOL LEVEL, SCHOOL STUDENTS, SCHOOL SYSTEM, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SCIENCE, SCIENCE STUDY, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL GRADUATES, SENIOR SECONDARY LEVEL, SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SERVICE SECTOR, SERVICE SECTORS, SKILL ACQUISITION, SKILL PREMIUMS, SKILL TRAINING, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLED WORKFORCE, SKILLS, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SKILLS TRAINING, SOCIAL SKILLS, STUDENT, STUDENT ASSESSMENT, STUDENT BODY, STUDENT FEES, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TECHNICAL TRAINING, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL LABOR FORCE, TRAINEES, TRAINING, TRAINING CENTER, TRAINING CENTERS, TRAINING COURSE, TRAINING COURSES, TRAINING INSTITUTES, TRAINING INSTITUTIONS, TRAINING NEEDS, TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRAINING PROVIDER, TRAINING SYSTEM, TUITION, TUITION COSTS, UNEMPLOYED YOUTH, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT, UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY, VALUES, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS, VOCATIONAL SKILLS, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WOMEN, WORKER, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20101024233222 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2914
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