The Effects of Volatility, Fiscal Policy Cyclicality and Financial Development on Growth
This paper presents estimates of the effects that terms of trade volatility has on growth of real gross domestic product per capita. Based on five-year non-overlapping panel data comprising 175 countries during 1980–2010, the paper finds that: (i) in model specifications that do not include country fixed effects, terms of trade volatility has a significant negative average effect on economic growth; (ii) once country fixed effects are included in the model, the average effect of terms of trade volatility on economic growth is not significantly different from zero; (iii) robust to the inclusion of country fixed effects, terms of trade volatility has significantly adverse effects on economic growth in countries with pro-cyclical fiscal policy; and (iv) in model specifications that do not include country fixed effects, financial development is a significant mediating factor with regard to the effect that terms of trade volatility has on economic growth, however, the significance of this effect vanishes once country fixed effects are included in the model. The paper also explores these relationships for the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States region. A key conclusion from the research is that countercyclical fiscal policy and deeper financial markets will have particularly high payoffs in reducing the adverse growth effects of terms of trade volatility in the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States region.
id |
dig-okr-1098623470 |
---|---|
record_format |
koha |
institution |
Banco Mundial |
collection |
DSpace |
country |
Estados Unidos |
countrycode |
US |
component |
Bibliográfico |
access |
En linea |
databasecode |
dig-okr |
tag |
biblioteca |
region |
America del Norte |
libraryname |
Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
language |
English en_US |
topic |
GROWTH RATES OUTPUT VOLATILITY MONETARY POLICY CAPITAL MARKETS DEPOSIT FINANCIAL SERVICES CAPITA INCOME ECONOMIC GROWTH SMALL ECONOMIES EFFECTS OF VOLATILITY ECONOMIC GROWTH RATES AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW INTERNATIONAL COUNTRY RISK GUIDE MONETARY ECONOMICS EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH FLOW OF FUNDS COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS INCOME INTEREST ECONOMIC VOLATILITY GOVERNMENT SPENDING EXCHANGE GROWTH VOLATILITY LIQUIDITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES POLITICAL ECONOMY DEVELOPING ECONOMIES FISCAL POLICY LIQUIDITY RISK WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS CAUSAL EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH INTERACTION TERMS PRICE TAX FINANCIAL INTEGRATION LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LINK BETWEEN VOLATILITY BANK LENDING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY STANDARD DEVIATION FISCAL POLICIES GLOBAL ECONOMY PER CAPITA INCOME TRADE SHOCKS MIDDLE INCOME GROWTH EFFECT PRICE VOLATILITY CRISIS POLITICAL POWER INCREASE IN VOLATILITY STANDARD ERRORS NATURAL DISASTERS EMERGING MARKET LOW- INCOME COUNTRIES DEBT PRIVATE INVESTMENT FISCAL CONSOLIDATION DEPOSIT INSURANCE OPEN ECONOMY BUSINESS CYCLE INCOME LEVELS REVIEW OF ECONOMICS FLUCTUATIONS RECESSIONS EXOGENOUS VOLATILITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT COMMODITY PRICE TAX BASE VARIABILITY TAXES GROWTH EFFECTS EMERGING MARKETS POLICY UNCERTAINTY CREDIT CONSTRAINTS ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE VOLATILITY COUNTRY RISK CREDIT CONSTRAINT FINANCIAL CRISIS FUTURE MACROECONOMICS OUTPUT GAP INCOME DISTRIBUTION CAPITAL FLOWS PRIVATE SECTOR SHARES FINANCIAL SECTOR STABILITY REAL EXCHANGE RATE RAPID EXPANSION EXCHANGE RATE REGIME UNDERDEVELOPMENT CAPITA GROWTH SECURITIES OUTPUT DEMOCRACIES INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES EXPOSURE INSURANCE BUSINESS CYCLES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CYCLICAL FISCAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES TRADE PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL MARKET GROWTH RATE INVESTMENT MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY DOMESTIC CREDIT SHARE GROWTH PERFORMANCE BALANCE SHEETS FINANCIAL MARKETS IMPACT OF VOLATILITY BANKING INTERACTION TERM EXTERNAL SHOCKS LESS DEVELOPED ECONOMIES EFFECT OF VOLATILITY MACROECONOMIC POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE ECONOMIC SHOCKS FINANCIAL SECTOR OPEN ECONOMIES COMMODITY ADVERSE EFFECTS GROWTH GROWTH RATES OUTPUT VOLATILITY MONETARY POLICY CAPITAL MARKETS DEPOSIT FINANCIAL SERVICES CAPITA INCOME ECONOMIC GROWTH SMALL ECONOMIES EFFECTS OF VOLATILITY ECONOMIC GROWTH RATES AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW INTERNATIONAL COUNTRY RISK GUIDE MONETARY ECONOMICS EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH FLOW OF FUNDS COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS INCOME INTEREST ECONOMIC VOLATILITY GOVERNMENT SPENDING EXCHANGE GROWTH VOLATILITY LIQUIDITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES POLITICAL ECONOMY DEVELOPING ECONOMIES FISCAL POLICY LIQUIDITY RISK WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS CAUSAL EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH INTERACTION TERMS PRICE TAX FINANCIAL INTEGRATION LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LINK BETWEEN VOLATILITY BANK LENDING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY STANDARD DEVIATION FISCAL POLICIES GLOBAL ECONOMY PER CAPITA INCOME TRADE SHOCKS MIDDLE INCOME GROWTH EFFECT PRICE VOLATILITY CRISIS POLITICAL POWER INCREASE IN VOLATILITY STANDARD ERRORS NATURAL DISASTERS EMERGING MARKET LOW- INCOME COUNTRIES DEBT PRIVATE INVESTMENT FISCAL CONSOLIDATION DEPOSIT INSURANCE OPEN ECONOMY BUSINESS CYCLE INCOME LEVELS REVIEW OF ECONOMICS FLUCTUATIONS RECESSIONS EXOGENOUS VOLATILITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT COMMODITY PRICE TAX BASE VARIABILITY TAXES GROWTH EFFECTS EMERGING MARKETS POLICY UNCERTAINTY CREDIT CONSTRAINTS ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE VOLATILITY COUNTRY RISK CREDIT CONSTRAINT FINANCIAL CRISIS FUTURE MACROECONOMICS OUTPUT GAP INCOME DISTRIBUTION CAPITAL FLOWS PRIVATE SECTOR SHARES FINANCIAL SECTOR STABILITY REAL EXCHANGE RATE RAPID EXPANSION EXCHANGE RATE REGIME UNDERDEVELOPMENT CAPITA GROWTH SECURITIES OUTPUT DEMOCRACIES INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES EXPOSURE INSURANCE BUSINESS CYCLES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CYCLICAL FISCAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES TRADE PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL MARKET GROWTH RATE INVESTMENT MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY DOMESTIC CREDIT SHARE GROWTH PERFORMANCE BALANCE SHEETS FINANCIAL MARKETS IMPACT OF VOLATILITY BANKING INTERACTION TERM EXTERNAL SHOCKS LESS DEVELOPED ECONOMIES EFFECT OF VOLATILITY MACROECONOMIC POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE ECONOMIC SHOCKS FINANCIAL SECTOR OPEN ECONOMIES COMMODITY ADVERSE EFFECTS GROWTH |
spellingShingle |
GROWTH RATES OUTPUT VOLATILITY MONETARY POLICY CAPITAL MARKETS DEPOSIT FINANCIAL SERVICES CAPITA INCOME ECONOMIC GROWTH SMALL ECONOMIES EFFECTS OF VOLATILITY ECONOMIC GROWTH RATES AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW INTERNATIONAL COUNTRY RISK GUIDE MONETARY ECONOMICS EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH FLOW OF FUNDS COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS INCOME INTEREST ECONOMIC VOLATILITY GOVERNMENT SPENDING EXCHANGE GROWTH VOLATILITY LIQUIDITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES POLITICAL ECONOMY DEVELOPING ECONOMIES FISCAL POLICY LIQUIDITY RISK WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS CAUSAL EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH INTERACTION TERMS PRICE TAX FINANCIAL INTEGRATION LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LINK BETWEEN VOLATILITY BANK LENDING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY STANDARD DEVIATION FISCAL POLICIES GLOBAL ECONOMY PER CAPITA INCOME TRADE SHOCKS MIDDLE INCOME GROWTH EFFECT PRICE VOLATILITY CRISIS POLITICAL POWER INCREASE IN VOLATILITY STANDARD ERRORS NATURAL DISASTERS EMERGING MARKET LOW- INCOME COUNTRIES DEBT PRIVATE INVESTMENT FISCAL CONSOLIDATION DEPOSIT INSURANCE OPEN ECONOMY BUSINESS CYCLE INCOME LEVELS REVIEW OF ECONOMICS FLUCTUATIONS RECESSIONS EXOGENOUS VOLATILITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT COMMODITY PRICE TAX BASE VARIABILITY TAXES GROWTH EFFECTS EMERGING MARKETS POLICY UNCERTAINTY CREDIT CONSTRAINTS ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE VOLATILITY COUNTRY RISK CREDIT CONSTRAINT FINANCIAL CRISIS FUTURE MACROECONOMICS OUTPUT GAP INCOME DISTRIBUTION CAPITAL FLOWS PRIVATE SECTOR SHARES FINANCIAL SECTOR STABILITY REAL EXCHANGE RATE RAPID EXPANSION EXCHANGE RATE REGIME UNDERDEVELOPMENT CAPITA GROWTH SECURITIES OUTPUT DEMOCRACIES INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES EXPOSURE INSURANCE BUSINESS CYCLES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CYCLICAL FISCAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES TRADE PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL MARKET GROWTH RATE INVESTMENT MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY DOMESTIC CREDIT SHARE GROWTH PERFORMANCE BALANCE SHEETS FINANCIAL MARKETS IMPACT OF VOLATILITY BANKING INTERACTION TERM EXTERNAL SHOCKS LESS DEVELOPED ECONOMIES EFFECT OF VOLATILITY MACROECONOMIC POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE ECONOMIC SHOCKS FINANCIAL SECTOR OPEN ECONOMIES COMMODITY ADVERSE EFFECTS GROWTH GROWTH RATES OUTPUT VOLATILITY MONETARY POLICY CAPITAL MARKETS DEPOSIT FINANCIAL SERVICES CAPITA INCOME ECONOMIC GROWTH SMALL ECONOMIES EFFECTS OF VOLATILITY ECONOMIC GROWTH RATES AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW INTERNATIONAL COUNTRY RISK GUIDE MONETARY ECONOMICS EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH FLOW OF FUNDS COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS INCOME INTEREST ECONOMIC VOLATILITY GOVERNMENT SPENDING EXCHANGE GROWTH VOLATILITY LIQUIDITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES POLITICAL ECONOMY DEVELOPING ECONOMIES FISCAL POLICY LIQUIDITY RISK WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS CAUSAL EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH INTERACTION TERMS PRICE TAX FINANCIAL INTEGRATION LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LINK BETWEEN VOLATILITY BANK LENDING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY STANDARD DEVIATION FISCAL POLICIES GLOBAL ECONOMY PER CAPITA INCOME TRADE SHOCKS MIDDLE INCOME GROWTH EFFECT PRICE VOLATILITY CRISIS POLITICAL POWER INCREASE IN VOLATILITY STANDARD ERRORS NATURAL DISASTERS EMERGING MARKET LOW- INCOME COUNTRIES DEBT PRIVATE INVESTMENT FISCAL CONSOLIDATION DEPOSIT INSURANCE OPEN ECONOMY BUSINESS CYCLE INCOME LEVELS REVIEW OF ECONOMICS FLUCTUATIONS RECESSIONS EXOGENOUS VOLATILITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT COMMODITY PRICE TAX BASE VARIABILITY TAXES GROWTH EFFECTS EMERGING MARKETS POLICY UNCERTAINTY CREDIT CONSTRAINTS ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE VOLATILITY COUNTRY RISK CREDIT CONSTRAINT FINANCIAL CRISIS FUTURE MACROECONOMICS OUTPUT GAP INCOME DISTRIBUTION CAPITAL FLOWS PRIVATE SECTOR SHARES FINANCIAL SECTOR STABILITY REAL EXCHANGE RATE RAPID EXPANSION EXCHANGE RATE REGIME UNDERDEVELOPMENT CAPITA GROWTH SECURITIES OUTPUT DEMOCRACIES INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES EXPOSURE INSURANCE BUSINESS CYCLES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CYCLICAL FISCAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES TRADE PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL MARKET GROWTH RATE INVESTMENT MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY DOMESTIC CREDIT SHARE GROWTH PERFORMANCE BALANCE SHEETS FINANCIAL MARKETS IMPACT OF VOLATILITY BANKING INTERACTION TERM EXTERNAL SHOCKS LESS DEVELOPED ECONOMIES EFFECT OF VOLATILITY MACROECONOMIC POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE ECONOMIC SHOCKS FINANCIAL SECTOR OPEN ECONOMIES COMMODITY ADVERSE EFFECTS GROWTH Brüeckner, Markus Carneiro, Francisco The Effects of Volatility, Fiscal Policy Cyclicality and Financial Development on Growth |
description |
This paper presents estimates of the
effects that terms of trade volatility has on growth of real
gross domestic product per capita. Based on five-year
non-overlapping panel data comprising 175 countries during
1980–2010, the paper finds that: (i) in model specifications
that do not include country fixed effects, terms of trade
volatility has a significant negative average effect on
economic growth; (ii) once country fixed effects are
included in the model, the average effect of terms of trade
volatility on economic growth is not significantly different
from zero; (iii) robust to the inclusion of country fixed
effects, terms of trade volatility has significantly adverse
effects on economic growth in countries with pro-cyclical
fiscal policy; and (iv) in model specifications that do not
include country fixed effects, financial development is a
significant mediating factor with regard to the effect that
terms of trade volatility has on economic growth, however,
the significance of this effect vanishes once country fixed
effects are included in the model. The paper also explores
these relationships for the Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States region. A key conclusion from the research
is that countercyclical fiscal policy and deeper financial
markets will have particularly high payoffs in reducing the
adverse growth effects of terms of trade volatility in the
Organization of Eastern Caribbean States region. |
format |
Working Paper |
topic_facet |
GROWTH RATES OUTPUT VOLATILITY MONETARY POLICY CAPITAL MARKETS DEPOSIT FINANCIAL SERVICES CAPITA INCOME ECONOMIC GROWTH SMALL ECONOMIES EFFECTS OF VOLATILITY ECONOMIC GROWTH RATES AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW INTERNATIONAL COUNTRY RISK GUIDE MONETARY ECONOMICS EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH FLOW OF FUNDS COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS INCOME INTEREST ECONOMIC VOLATILITY GOVERNMENT SPENDING EXCHANGE GROWTH VOLATILITY LIQUIDITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES POLITICAL ECONOMY DEVELOPING ECONOMIES FISCAL POLICY LIQUIDITY RISK WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS CAUSAL EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH INTERACTION TERMS PRICE TAX FINANCIAL INTEGRATION LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LINK BETWEEN VOLATILITY BANK LENDING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY STANDARD DEVIATION FISCAL POLICIES GLOBAL ECONOMY PER CAPITA INCOME TRADE SHOCKS MIDDLE INCOME GROWTH EFFECT PRICE VOLATILITY CRISIS POLITICAL POWER INCREASE IN VOLATILITY STANDARD ERRORS NATURAL DISASTERS EMERGING MARKET LOW- INCOME COUNTRIES DEBT PRIVATE INVESTMENT FISCAL CONSOLIDATION DEPOSIT INSURANCE OPEN ECONOMY BUSINESS CYCLE INCOME LEVELS REVIEW OF ECONOMICS FLUCTUATIONS RECESSIONS EXOGENOUS VOLATILITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT COMMODITY PRICE TAX BASE VARIABILITY TAXES GROWTH EFFECTS EMERGING MARKETS POLICY UNCERTAINTY CREDIT CONSTRAINTS ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE VOLATILITY COUNTRY RISK CREDIT CONSTRAINT FINANCIAL CRISIS FUTURE MACROECONOMICS OUTPUT GAP INCOME DISTRIBUTION CAPITAL FLOWS PRIVATE SECTOR SHARES FINANCIAL SECTOR STABILITY REAL EXCHANGE RATE RAPID EXPANSION EXCHANGE RATE REGIME UNDERDEVELOPMENT CAPITA GROWTH SECURITIES OUTPUT DEMOCRACIES INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES EXPOSURE INSURANCE BUSINESS CYCLES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CYCLICAL FISCAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES TRADE PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL MARKET GROWTH RATE INVESTMENT MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY DOMESTIC CREDIT SHARE GROWTH PERFORMANCE BALANCE SHEETS FINANCIAL MARKETS IMPACT OF VOLATILITY BANKING INTERACTION TERM EXTERNAL SHOCKS LESS DEVELOPED ECONOMIES EFFECT OF VOLATILITY MACROECONOMIC POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE ECONOMIC SHOCKS FINANCIAL SECTOR OPEN ECONOMIES COMMODITY ADVERSE EFFECTS GROWTH |
author |
Brüeckner, Markus Carneiro, Francisco |
author_facet |
Brüeckner, Markus Carneiro, Francisco |
author_sort |
Brüeckner, Markus |
title |
The Effects of Volatility, Fiscal Policy Cyclicality and Financial Development on Growth |
title_short |
The Effects of Volatility, Fiscal Policy Cyclicality and Financial Development on Growth |
title_full |
The Effects of Volatility, Fiscal Policy Cyclicality and Financial Development on Growth |
title_fullStr |
The Effects of Volatility, Fiscal Policy Cyclicality and Financial Development on Growth |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Effects of Volatility, Fiscal Policy Cyclicality and Financial Development on Growth |
title_sort |
effects of volatility, fiscal policy cyclicality and financial development on growth |
publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
publishDate |
2015-12 |
url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/12/25517482/effects-volatility-fiscal-policy-cyclicality-financial-development-growth-evidence-eastern-caribbean https://hdl.handle.net/10986/23470 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT bruecknermarkus theeffectsofvolatilityfiscalpolicycyclicalityandfinancialdevelopmentongrowth AT carneirofrancisco theeffectsofvolatilityfiscalpolicycyclicalityandfinancialdevelopmentongrowth AT bruecknermarkus evidencefortheeasterncaribbean AT carneirofrancisco evidencefortheeasterncaribbean AT bruecknermarkus effectsofvolatilityfiscalpolicycyclicalityandfinancialdevelopmentongrowth AT carneirofrancisco effectsofvolatilityfiscalpolicycyclicalityandfinancialdevelopmentongrowth |
_version_ |
1807157607108968448 |
spelling |
dig-okr-10986234702024-08-07T20:09:02Z The Effects of Volatility, Fiscal Policy Cyclicality and Financial Development on Growth Evidence for the Eastern Caribbean Brüeckner, Markus Carneiro, Francisco GROWTH RATES OUTPUT VOLATILITY MONETARY POLICY CAPITAL MARKETS DEPOSIT FINANCIAL SERVICES CAPITA INCOME ECONOMIC GROWTH SMALL ECONOMIES EFFECTS OF VOLATILITY ECONOMIC GROWTH RATES AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW INTERNATIONAL COUNTRY RISK GUIDE MONETARY ECONOMICS EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH FLOW OF FUNDS COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS INCOME INTEREST ECONOMIC VOLATILITY GOVERNMENT SPENDING EXCHANGE GROWTH VOLATILITY LIQUIDITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES POLITICAL ECONOMY DEVELOPING ECONOMIES FISCAL POLICY LIQUIDITY RISK WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS CAUSAL EFFECT OF VOLATILITY ON GROWTH INTERACTION TERMS PRICE TAX FINANCIAL INTEGRATION LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LINK BETWEEN VOLATILITY BANK LENDING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY STANDARD DEVIATION FISCAL POLICIES GLOBAL ECONOMY PER CAPITA INCOME TRADE SHOCKS MIDDLE INCOME GROWTH EFFECT PRICE VOLATILITY CRISIS POLITICAL POWER INCREASE IN VOLATILITY STANDARD ERRORS NATURAL DISASTERS EMERGING MARKET LOW- INCOME COUNTRIES DEBT PRIVATE INVESTMENT FISCAL CONSOLIDATION DEPOSIT INSURANCE OPEN ECONOMY BUSINESS CYCLE INCOME LEVELS REVIEW OF ECONOMICS FLUCTUATIONS RECESSIONS EXOGENOUS VOLATILITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT COMMODITY PRICE TAX BASE VARIABILITY TAXES GROWTH EFFECTS EMERGING MARKETS POLICY UNCERTAINTY CREDIT CONSTRAINTS ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE VOLATILITY COUNTRY RISK CREDIT CONSTRAINT FINANCIAL CRISIS FUTURE MACROECONOMICS OUTPUT GAP INCOME DISTRIBUTION CAPITAL FLOWS PRIVATE SECTOR SHARES FINANCIAL SECTOR STABILITY REAL EXCHANGE RATE RAPID EXPANSION EXCHANGE RATE REGIME UNDERDEVELOPMENT CAPITA GROWTH SECURITIES OUTPUT DEMOCRACIES INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES EXPOSURE INSURANCE BUSINESS CYCLES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CYCLICAL FISCAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES TRADE PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL MARKET GROWTH RATE INVESTMENT MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY DOMESTIC CREDIT SHARE GROWTH PERFORMANCE BALANCE SHEETS FINANCIAL MARKETS IMPACT OF VOLATILITY BANKING INTERACTION TERM EXTERNAL SHOCKS LESS DEVELOPED ECONOMIES EFFECT OF VOLATILITY MACROECONOMIC POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE ECONOMIC SHOCKS FINANCIAL SECTOR OPEN ECONOMIES COMMODITY ADVERSE EFFECTS GROWTH This paper presents estimates of the effects that terms of trade volatility has on growth of real gross domestic product per capita. Based on five-year non-overlapping panel data comprising 175 countries during 1980–2010, the paper finds that: (i) in model specifications that do not include country fixed effects, terms of trade volatility has a significant negative average effect on economic growth; (ii) once country fixed effects are included in the model, the average effect of terms of trade volatility on economic growth is not significantly different from zero; (iii) robust to the inclusion of country fixed effects, terms of trade volatility has significantly adverse effects on economic growth in countries with pro-cyclical fiscal policy; and (iv) in model specifications that do not include country fixed effects, financial development is a significant mediating factor with regard to the effect that terms of trade volatility has on economic growth, however, the significance of this effect vanishes once country fixed effects are included in the model. The paper also explores these relationships for the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States region. A key conclusion from the research is that countercyclical fiscal policy and deeper financial markets will have particularly high payoffs in reducing the adverse growth effects of terms of trade volatility in the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States region. 2015-12-18T22:30:45Z 2015-12-18T22:30:45Z 2015-12 Working Paper Document de travail Documento de trabajo http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/12/25517482/effects-volatility-fiscal-policy-cyclicality-financial-development-growth-evidence-eastern-caribbean https://hdl.handle.net/10986/23470 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7507 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |