Women Managers and the Gender-Based Gap in Access to Education

Several studies explore the differences in men’s and women’s labor market participation rates and wages. Some of these differences have been linked to gender disparities in education attainment and access. The present paper contributes to this literature by analyzing the relationship between the proclivity of a firm to have a female top manager and access to education among women relative to men in the country. The paper combines the literature on women’s careers in management, which has mostly focused on developed countries, with the development literature that has emphasized the importance of access to education. Using firm-level data for 73 developing countries, the analysis finds strong evidence that countries with a higher proportion of female top managers also have higher enrollment rates for women relative to men in primary, secondary, and tertiary education.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Amin, Mohammad, Islam, Asif
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015-05
Subjects:	EMPOWERMENT, WOMEN LEADERS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, GENDER INEQUALITY, PEOPLE, EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, SCHOOLING, RICHER COUNTRIES, ENROLLMENT, BIAS, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LABOR FORCE, ENTREPRENEURS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISCRIMINATION, PUBLIC SERVICES, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, EDUCATION VARIABLES, HIGHER ENROLLMENT, JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, ENROLLMENTS, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TERTIARY LEVELS, LITERACY RATES, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, GENDER DISPARITY, INTERNATIONAL BANK, WOMEN OWNERS, GENDER BIAS, PARLIAMENTARY UNION, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ATTITUDES TOWARDS WOMEN, ADULT LITERACY RATE, LITERACY, WORK EXPERIENCE, SMALL BUSINESS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY, PUBLIC POLICY, LABOR MARKET, WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS, ATTITUDE TOWARDS WOMEN, GENDER GAP, TRAINING, GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, UNION, FERTILITY RATES, SEXUALITY, BUSINESS OWNERSHIP, INDUSTRIALIZATION, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, FORMAL TRAINING, FEMALE CHILDREN, MARRIAGE, RULE OF LAW, FINANCE, WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT, PROGRESS, REGULATORY AGENCIES, YOUNG MEN, FEDERAL RESERVE, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, ENROLLMENT RATES, FEDERAL RESERVE BANK, CAPITAL, BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, POLICIES, WOMAN OWNERS, SCIENCE, GENDER DIFFERENCES, LACK OF ACCESS, VALUES, SCHOOLS, WOMAN, FINANCIAL CAPITAL, FAMILY, EDUCATION LEVELS, PARTICIPATION, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, ACCESS TO FINANCE, POLICY MAKERS, GENDER, BANK, LARGE CITIES, LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, ENROLLMENT RATE, ECONOMIC ATTITUDE, HOUSEHOLD, ENTERPRISE, SOCIAL SCIENCE, GENDER DISPARITIES, POPULATIONS, BULLETIN, MASCULINITY, POLICY, ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, ROLE MODELS, PROFITABILITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CHILDREN, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LABOUR FORCE, EDUCATION, INVESTMENT, SCHOOLING QUALITY, EDUCATION ACCESS, EQUALITY, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMINIST, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, LOWER FERTILITY, POPULATION, LABOR SUPPLY, GIRLS, GREATER ACCESS, LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LEADERSHIP, POLICY RESEARCH, IDS, MARRIED WOMEN, HOUSEHOLD DUTIES, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, FERTILITY, GENDER DISCRIMINATION, LABOUR SUPPLY, WOMEN, LABOR MARKETS, IMPORTANT POLICY, FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, ADULT LITERACY, TERTIARY EDUCATION, RATIO OF WOMEN, IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION, SMALL BUSINESSES, LEGAL RIGHTS, PARTICIPATION RATES, GENDER EQUALITY, WOMAN OWNER, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, INEQUALITY, EMPLOYEES,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/05/24525031/women-managers-gender-based-gap-access-education-evidence-firm-level-data-developing-countries https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22007
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