Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions Generated by the Transport Sector in ECA : Policy Options

Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) generated from transport are among the fastest growing in Europe and in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region, posing a challenge in creating a low-carbon future, as economic development has been paralleled with a modal share increasingly dominated by roads.1 This modal shift, as in the European Union (EU), has been driven by a number of factors, including growing affluence, suburbanization, and falling land use densities in urban areas, which have translated into more widespread vehicle ownership, increasing trip numbers and lengths, while reducing the financial viability of public transport and non-motorized transport. This paper begins by reviewing recent trends in transport and GHG emission trends in the ECA region, using trends in the EU-15 and EU-27 as comparators.8 Subsequently, it will provide an overview of climate friendly transport policies for the road, rail, and air transport modes, before presenting some land transport success stories and then turning to a discussion on how to use revenues generated from pricing policy instruments. The objective is to provide a menu of policy options to improve the functioning of the transport sector in ECA, while addressing the externalities generated by the sector.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Monsalve, Carolina
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013-02
Subjects:	ACCIDENT COSTS, ACCIDENT RATES, ACCIDENTS, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, AIR TRANSPORT, ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT, ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT MODES, BORDER CROSSINGS, BUS, BUS INFRASTRUCTURE, BUS LANES, BUSES, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON TRANSPORT, CLIMATE CHANGE, CONGESTION CHARGE, CONGESTION CHARGING, CONGESTION PRICING, CONGESTION REDUCTION, CONGESTION RELIEF, COSTS OF CONGESTION, COSTS OF TRANSPORT, CROSSINGS, CRUDE OIL PRICE, CYCLE TRACKS, DEMAND FOR MOBILITY, DEMAND FOR TRANSPORT, DIESEL, DIESEL VEHICLES, DRIVERS, DRIVING, EFFICIENT TRANSPORT, EFFICIENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM, ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND, ELECTRONIC SYSTEM, ELECTRONIC TOLL, ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, EMISSION STANDARDS, EMISSIONS DATA, EMISSIONS FROM AIRCRAFT, EMISSIONS FROM ROAD, EMISSIONS FROM ROAD TRAFFIC, EMISSIONS FROM ROAD TRANSPORT, EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORT, EXHAUST EMISSIONS, EXPRESSWAYS, EXTERNALITIES, FINANCE INFRASTRUCTURE, FINANCIAL SAVINGS, FREIGHT, FREIGHT TRANSPORT, FUEL, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL EFFICIENCY, FUEL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, FUEL PRICE, FUEL PRICES, FUEL SUBSIDIES, FUEL TAX, FUEL TAXES, FUEL TYPE, FUEL USE, FUELS, GASOLINE PRICES, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, HEAVY TRAFFIC, HEAVY VEHICLES, HIGH SPEED LINES, HIGH SPEED TRAINS, HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE, HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLES, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, HIGHWAY CAPACITY, HIGHWAY NETWORK, HIGHWAYS, HYBRID VEHICLES, IMPACT OF TRANSPORT, INLAND WATERWAY, INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT, JOURNEY, JOURNEYS, LAND TRANSPORT, LAND USE, LANES, LONG-DISTANCE, LONG-DISTANCE TRAVEL, LORRIES, MASS TRANSIT, METHANE, MILEAGE, MOBILITY, MODAL CHOICE, MODAL SHARE, MODAL SHARES, MODAL SHIFT, MODAL SPLIT, MOTOR VEHICLES, MOTORCYCLISTS, MOTORISTS, MOTORWAY TOLLS, MOTORWAYS, NATIONAL TRANSPORT, NOISE, NOISE POLLUTION, ODOMETER, PASSENGER RAIL, PASSENGER TRAFFIC, PASSENGER TRANSPORT, PASSENGER TRIPS, PASSENGER VEHICLE, PASSENGER VEHICLES, PASSENGERS, PEAK HOURS, PEAK TRAFFIC, PEDESTRIANS, PETROL VEHICLES, POLICE, PRICE CHANGES, PRICE ELASTICITIES, PRICE ELASTICITY, PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND, PRICE OF GASOLINE, PRICE SENSITIVITIES, PUBLIC ACCEPTABILITY, PUBLIC TRANSIT, PUBLIC TRANSIT VEHICLES, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODE, PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK, RAIL, RAIL FREIGHT, RAIL NETWORK, RAIL TRANSPORT, RAILWAYS, ROAD, ROAD ACCIDENTS, ROAD CAPACITY, ROAD CHARGING, ROAD DAMAGE, ROAD EMISSIONS, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD LANES, ROAD NETWORK, ROAD PRICING, ROAD SECTOR, ROAD SPACE, ROAD TAX, ROAD TOLL, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROAD TYPE, ROAD USE, ROAD USER, ROAD USER CHARGING, ROAD USERS, ROADS, ROLLING STOCK, ROUTE, ROUTES, RURAL MOTORISTS, SAFETY, SPEEDS, STREET PARKING, STREET SPACE, SUBURBS, SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT, TOLL, TOLL BOOTHS, TOLL LANES, TOLL PLAZA, TOLL ROAD, TOLL ROADS, TOLLS, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, TRAFFIC REDUCTIONS, TRAM, TRANSIT USAGE, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT ACTIVITY, TRANSPORT DEMAND, TRANSPORT ELASTICITIES, TRANSPORT EMISSIONS, TRANSPORT FARES, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT MODES, TRANSPORT POLICIES, TRANSPORT POLICY, TRANSPORT POLICY INSTITUTE, TRANSPORT PROBLEMS, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONS, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORT STATISTICS, TRANSPORT TAX, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTS, TRAVEL OPTIONS, TRAVELERS, TRIP, TRIP FREQUENCY, TRUCKS, TUNNELS, TYPES OF ROAD, URBAN CONGESTION, URBAN ROADS, VEHICLE EMISSION, VEHICLE EMISSIONS, VEHICLE FLEET, VEHICLE FLOWS, VEHICLE FUEL, VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY, VEHICLE INSURANCE, VEHICLE KILOMETERS, VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS, VEHICLE OPERATING, VEHICLE OWNERS, VEHICLE OWNERSHIP, VEHICLE REGISTRATION, VEHICLE REGISTRATION FEES, VEHICLE TRAVEL, VEHICLE TRIP, VEHICLE TRIPS, VEHICLE TYPES, VEHICLE USAGE, VEHICLE USE, VEHICLES PER HOUR, WALKING,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/02/17759822/controlling-greenhouse-gas-emissions-generated-transport-sector-eca-policy-options https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16547
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