Vietnam's Evolving Poverty Map : Patterns and Implications for Policy
This paper uses small area estimation techniques to update Vietnam's province and district-level poverty map to 2009. It finds that poverty rates continue to be highest in the northern and central mountainous regions, where ethnic minorities make up a large fraction of the population. Poverty has fallen in most provinces and districts over this decade, but the pace of poverty reduction has been least pronounced in those localities with high initial poverty or inequality levels. As a result, poverty rates have become more spatially concentrated over time, which is consistent with widely observed growth processes linked to agglomeration. The authors hypothesize that this makes geographic targeting of the poor more relevant as a means to re-balance growing welfare disparities between geographic areas. Simulations indicate that in both 1999 and 2009, geographic targeting for poverty alleviation improves upon a uniform lump-sum transfer and this becomes more evident the more spatially disaggregated the target populations. The analysis further indicates that the gains from geographic targeting have become more pronounced over time in Vietnam. Although poverty reduction in Vietnam has been impressive, further progress may thus warrant increased attention to geographic targeting.
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dig-okr-1098613156 |
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Estados Unidos |
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Bibliográfico |
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English en_US |
| topic |
ABSOLUTE INEQUALITY AGGLOMERATION EXTERNALITIES AGGREGATE LEVEL ANTI-POVERTY ANTI-POVERTY RESOURCES CASH TRANSFERS CITIES COEFFICIENTS DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DELTA REGION DELTA REGIONS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIFFERENTIALS DISTRICT DISTRICT LEVEL DISTRICT-LEVEL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EQUAL DISTRIBUTION ESTIMATES OF POVERTY ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES ETHNIC MINORITY ETHNIC MINORITY PEOPLE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE DATA EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FOOD FOR EDUCATION FOOD POLICY FOOD SECURITY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX GLOBAL POVERTY HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH POPULATION DENSITY HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME POVERTY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY OUTCOMES INEQUALITY WILL LAGGING REGIONS LAND EQUALITY LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVING STANDARDS LOW INEQUALITY LOW POVERTY RATES MINISTRY OF LABOR MOUNTAINOUS AREAS MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS NATIONAL POVERTY OPTIMAL TARGETING PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY MAKERS POLICY MEASURES POLICY OBJECTIVES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR COMMUNITIES POOR DISTRICTS POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSON POOR POPULATION POORER COMMUNITIES POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFORTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION STRATEGY POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DECLINE POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INDEXES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY OUTCOMES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY STATUS PRO-POOR PROVINCE PROVINCIAL LEVEL PUBLIC ECONOMICS REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MODELS REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TARGETING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL PEOPLE RURAL PHENOMENON RURAL POVERTY RURAL PROVINCES SAFETY NET SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL FUNDS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPATIAL PATTERNS SQUARED POVERTY GAP STANDARD DEVIATION SUB-NATIONAL TARGETING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL POVERTY TOTAL POVERTY RATE URBAN AREAS VILLAGE VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGES WAR WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURES ABSOLUTE INEQUALITY AGGLOMERATION EXTERNALITIES AGGREGATE LEVEL ANTI-POVERTY ANTI-POVERTY RESOURCES CASH TRANSFERS CITIES COEFFICIENTS DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DELTA REGION DELTA REGIONS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIFFERENTIALS DISTRICT DISTRICT LEVEL DISTRICT-LEVEL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EQUAL DISTRIBUTION ESTIMATES OF POVERTY ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES ETHNIC MINORITY ETHNIC MINORITY PEOPLE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE DATA EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FOOD FOR EDUCATION FOOD POLICY FOOD SECURITY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX GLOBAL POVERTY HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH POPULATION DENSITY HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME POVERTY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY OUTCOMES INEQUALITY WILL LAGGING REGIONS LAND EQUALITY LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVING STANDARDS LOW INEQUALITY LOW POVERTY RATES MINISTRY OF LABOR MOUNTAINOUS AREAS MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS NATIONAL POVERTY OPTIMAL TARGETING PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY MAKERS POLICY MEASURES POLICY OBJECTIVES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR COMMUNITIES POOR DISTRICTS POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSON POOR POPULATION POORER COMMUNITIES POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFORTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION STRATEGY POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DECLINE POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INDEXES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY OUTCOMES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY STATUS PRO-POOR PROVINCE PROVINCIAL LEVEL PUBLIC ECONOMICS REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MODELS REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TARGETING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL PEOPLE RURAL PHENOMENON RURAL POVERTY RURAL PROVINCES SAFETY NET SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL FUNDS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPATIAL PATTERNS SQUARED POVERTY GAP STANDARD DEVIATION SUB-NATIONAL TARGETING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL POVERTY TOTAL POVERTY RATE URBAN AREAS VILLAGE VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGES WAR WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURES |
| spellingShingle |
ABSOLUTE INEQUALITY AGGLOMERATION EXTERNALITIES AGGREGATE LEVEL ANTI-POVERTY ANTI-POVERTY RESOURCES CASH TRANSFERS CITIES COEFFICIENTS DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DELTA REGION DELTA REGIONS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIFFERENTIALS DISTRICT DISTRICT LEVEL DISTRICT-LEVEL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EQUAL DISTRIBUTION ESTIMATES OF POVERTY ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES ETHNIC MINORITY ETHNIC MINORITY PEOPLE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE DATA EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FOOD FOR EDUCATION FOOD POLICY FOOD SECURITY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX GLOBAL POVERTY HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH POPULATION DENSITY HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME POVERTY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY OUTCOMES INEQUALITY WILL LAGGING REGIONS LAND EQUALITY LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVING STANDARDS LOW INEQUALITY LOW POVERTY RATES MINISTRY OF LABOR MOUNTAINOUS AREAS MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS NATIONAL POVERTY OPTIMAL TARGETING PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY MAKERS POLICY MEASURES POLICY OBJECTIVES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR COMMUNITIES POOR DISTRICTS POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSON POOR POPULATION POORER COMMUNITIES POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFORTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION STRATEGY POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DECLINE POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INDEXES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY OUTCOMES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY STATUS PRO-POOR PROVINCE PROVINCIAL LEVEL PUBLIC ECONOMICS REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MODELS REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TARGETING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL PEOPLE RURAL PHENOMENON RURAL POVERTY RURAL PROVINCES SAFETY NET SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL FUNDS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPATIAL PATTERNS SQUARED POVERTY GAP STANDARD DEVIATION SUB-NATIONAL TARGETING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL POVERTY TOTAL POVERTY RATE URBAN AREAS VILLAGE VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGES WAR WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURES ABSOLUTE INEQUALITY AGGLOMERATION EXTERNALITIES AGGREGATE LEVEL ANTI-POVERTY ANTI-POVERTY RESOURCES CASH TRANSFERS CITIES COEFFICIENTS DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DELTA REGION DELTA REGIONS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIFFERENTIALS DISTRICT DISTRICT LEVEL DISTRICT-LEVEL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EQUAL DISTRIBUTION ESTIMATES OF POVERTY ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES ETHNIC MINORITY ETHNIC MINORITY PEOPLE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE DATA EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FOOD FOR EDUCATION FOOD POLICY FOOD SECURITY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX GLOBAL POVERTY HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH POPULATION DENSITY HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME POVERTY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY OUTCOMES INEQUALITY WILL LAGGING REGIONS LAND EQUALITY LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVING STANDARDS LOW INEQUALITY LOW POVERTY RATES MINISTRY OF LABOR MOUNTAINOUS AREAS MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS NATIONAL POVERTY OPTIMAL TARGETING PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY MAKERS POLICY MEASURES POLICY OBJECTIVES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR COMMUNITIES POOR DISTRICTS POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSON POOR POPULATION POORER COMMUNITIES POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFORTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION STRATEGY POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DECLINE POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INDEXES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY OUTCOMES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY STATUS PRO-POOR PROVINCE PROVINCIAL LEVEL PUBLIC ECONOMICS REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MODELS REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TARGETING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL PEOPLE RURAL PHENOMENON RURAL POVERTY RURAL PROVINCES SAFETY NET SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL FUNDS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPATIAL PATTERNS SQUARED POVERTY GAP STANDARD DEVIATION SUB-NATIONAL TARGETING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL POVERTY TOTAL POVERTY RATE URBAN AREAS VILLAGE VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGES WAR WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURES Marra, Marleen Lanjouw, Peter Nguyen, Cuong Vietnam's Evolving Poverty Map : Patterns and Implications for Policy |
| description |
This paper uses small area estimation
techniques to update Vietnam's province and
district-level poverty map to 2009. It finds that poverty
rates continue to be highest in the northern and central
mountainous regions, where ethnic minorities make up a large
fraction of the population. Poverty has fallen in most
provinces and districts over this decade, but the pace of
poverty reduction has been least pronounced in those
localities with high initial poverty or inequality levels.
As a result, poverty rates have become more spatially
concentrated over time, which is consistent with widely
observed growth processes linked to agglomeration. The
authors hypothesize that this makes geographic targeting of
the poor more relevant as a means to re-balance growing
welfare disparities between geographic areas. Simulations
indicate that in both 1999 and 2009, geographic targeting
for poverty alleviation improves upon a uniform lump-sum
transfer and this becomes more evident the more spatially
disaggregated the target populations. The analysis further
indicates that the gains from geographic targeting have
become more pronounced over time in Vietnam. Although
poverty reduction in Vietnam has been impressive, further
progress may thus warrant increased attention to geographic targeting. |
| topic_facet |
ABSOLUTE INEQUALITY AGGLOMERATION EXTERNALITIES AGGREGATE LEVEL ANTI-POVERTY ANTI-POVERTY RESOURCES CASH TRANSFERS CITIES COEFFICIENTS DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DELTA REGION DELTA REGIONS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIFFERENTIALS DISTRICT DISTRICT LEVEL DISTRICT-LEVEL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EQUAL DISTRIBUTION ESTIMATES OF POVERTY ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES ETHNIC MINORITY ETHNIC MINORITY PEOPLE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE DATA EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FOOD FOR EDUCATION FOOD POLICY FOOD SECURITY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX GLOBAL POVERTY HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH POPULATION DENSITY HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME POVERTY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY OUTCOMES INEQUALITY WILL LAGGING REGIONS LAND EQUALITY LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVING STANDARDS LOW INEQUALITY LOW POVERTY RATES MINISTRY OF LABOR MOUNTAINOUS AREAS MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS NATIONAL POVERTY OPTIMAL TARGETING PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY MAKERS POLICY MEASURES POLICY OBJECTIVES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR COMMUNITIES POOR DISTRICTS POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSON POOR POPULATION POORER COMMUNITIES POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFORTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION STRATEGY POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DECLINE POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INDEXES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY OUTCOMES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY STATUS PRO-POOR PROVINCE PROVINCIAL LEVEL PUBLIC ECONOMICS REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MODELS REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TARGETING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL PEOPLE RURAL PHENOMENON RURAL POVERTY RURAL PROVINCES SAFETY NET SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL FUNDS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPATIAL PATTERNS SQUARED POVERTY GAP STANDARD DEVIATION SUB-NATIONAL TARGETING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL POVERTY TOTAL POVERTY RATE URBAN AREAS VILLAGE VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGES WAR WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURES |
| author |
Marra, Marleen Lanjouw, Peter Nguyen, Cuong |
| author_facet |
Marra, Marleen Lanjouw, Peter Nguyen, Cuong |
| author_sort |
Marra, Marleen |
| title |
Vietnam's Evolving Poverty Map : Patterns and Implications for Policy |
| title_short |
Vietnam's Evolving Poverty Map : Patterns and Implications for Policy |
| title_full |
Vietnam's Evolving Poverty Map : Patterns and Implications for Policy |
| title_fullStr |
Vietnam's Evolving Poverty Map : Patterns and Implications for Policy |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Vietnam's Evolving Poverty Map : Patterns and Implications for Policy |
| title_sort |
vietnam's evolving poverty map : patterns and implications for policy |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013-02 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/02/17211672/vietnams-evolving-poverty-map-patterns-implications-policy https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13156 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT marramarleen vietnamsevolvingpovertymappatternsandimplicationsforpolicy AT lanjouwpeter vietnamsevolvingpovertymappatternsandimplicationsforpolicy AT nguyencuong vietnamsevolvingpovertymappatternsandimplicationsforpolicy |
| _version_ |
1807158254577385472 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-10986131562024-08-08T14:45:31Z Vietnam's Evolving Poverty Map : Patterns and Implications for Policy Marra, Marleen Lanjouw, Peter Nguyen, Cuong ABSOLUTE INEQUALITY AGGLOMERATION EXTERNALITIES AGGREGATE LEVEL ANTI-POVERTY ANTI-POVERTY RESOURCES CASH TRANSFERS CITIES COEFFICIENTS DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DELTA REGION DELTA REGIONS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIFFERENTIALS DISTRICT DISTRICT LEVEL DISTRICT-LEVEL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EQUAL DISTRIBUTION ESTIMATES OF POVERTY ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES ETHNIC MINORITY ETHNIC MINORITY PEOPLE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE DATA EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FOOD FOR EDUCATION FOOD POLICY FOOD SECURITY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX GLOBAL POVERTY HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH POPULATION DENSITY HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME POVERTY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY OUTCOMES INEQUALITY WILL LAGGING REGIONS LAND EQUALITY LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVING STANDARDS LOW INEQUALITY LOW POVERTY RATES MINISTRY OF LABOR MOUNTAINOUS AREAS MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS NATIONAL POVERTY OPTIMAL TARGETING PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY MAKERS POLICY MEASURES POLICY OBJECTIVES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR COMMUNITIES POOR DISTRICTS POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSON POOR POPULATION POORER COMMUNITIES POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFORTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION STRATEGY POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DECLINE POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INDEXES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MAP POVERTY MAPPING POVERTY MAPS POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY OUTCOMES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY STATUS PRO-POOR PROVINCE PROVINCIAL LEVEL PUBLIC ECONOMICS REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MODELS REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TARGETING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL PEOPLE RURAL PHENOMENON RURAL POVERTY RURAL PROVINCES SAFETY NET SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL FUNDS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPATIAL PATTERNS SQUARED POVERTY GAP STANDARD DEVIATION SUB-NATIONAL TARGETING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL POVERTY TOTAL POVERTY RATE URBAN AREAS VILLAGE VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGES WAR WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURES This paper uses small area estimation techniques to update Vietnam's province and district-level poverty map to 2009. It finds that poverty rates continue to be highest in the northern and central mountainous regions, where ethnic minorities make up a large fraction of the population. Poverty has fallen in most provinces and districts over this decade, but the pace of poverty reduction has been least pronounced in those localities with high initial poverty or inequality levels. As a result, poverty rates have become more spatially concentrated over time, which is consistent with widely observed growth processes linked to agglomeration. The authors hypothesize that this makes geographic targeting of the poor more relevant as a means to re-balance growing welfare disparities between geographic areas. Simulations indicate that in both 1999 and 2009, geographic targeting for poverty alleviation improves upon a uniform lump-sum transfer and this becomes more evident the more spatially disaggregated the target populations. The analysis further indicates that the gains from geographic targeting have become more pronounced over time in Vietnam. Although poverty reduction in Vietnam has been impressive, further progress may thus warrant increased attention to geographic targeting. 2013-04-11T19:14:04Z 2013-04-11T19:14:04Z 2013-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/02/17211672/vietnams-evolving-poverty-map-patterns-implications-policy https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13156 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6355 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |