Farm Mechanization : A New Challenge for Agriculture in Low and Middle Income Countries of Europe and Central Asia
This report shows that trends in farm mechanization are attributable to differing approaches to reform and differing agricultural resource endowments. The level of reform determines the pattern and extent to which labor and capital change, with land reform and commodity market liberalization as the underlying forces for change. These reforms substantially raise the incentives to invest as a means to increase productivity and incomes. In countries where this initial threshold of reform has not been attained agricultural incomes grow more slowly and there is less incentive to invest. Where the incentives to invest are high a second round of reform is necessary to facilitate investment reforms which deepen and strengthen financial markets and improve the business environment.
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dig-okr-10986125052024-08-08T15:12:46Z Farm Mechanization : A New Challenge for Agriculture in Low and Middle Income Countries of Europe and Central Asia World Bank ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION AGRICULTURAL CENSUS AGRICULTURAL LABOR FORCE AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND BANKING SECTOR BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL INTENSIVE PRODUCTION CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARBON CLIMATE CHANGE COMMERCIAL CREDIT COMMERCIAL FARMING COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITION POLICY COMPETITIVENESS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT COST OF CAPITAL CROP CROPS CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RECOVERY ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC STABILITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTS EXCHANGE RATES FACTOR MARKETS FAMILY LABOR FARM FARM LABOR FARM MECHANIZATION FARM OWNERSHIP FARM WORKER FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FINANCIAL DEEPENING FINANCIAL LEASING FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FIXED COSTS FOOD PRODUCTION FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH WAGES INCOME INNOVATION INPUT PRICES INSURANCE LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR ORGANIZATION LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LEGISLATION LOW INTEREST RATES MARKET LIBERALIZATION MARKET PRICES MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MIGRATION MONETARY POLICY NOMINAL INTEREST RATE NOMINAL INTEREST RATES OPERATING COSTS PARTIAL PRIVATIZATION PLANTING POLICY ENVIRONMENT PRICE CONTROLS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PROFIT SHARING QUOTAS REAL INTEREST RATES REAL WAGES REGRESSION ANALYSIS RURAL LABOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAVINGS SMALL FARMS SOCIAL COSTS SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STATE INTERVENTION STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUBSIDIARY SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAX RATES TAXATION TRADE POLICY TRANSPORT VALUE ADDED WAGE RATES WAGES This report shows that trends in farm mechanization are attributable to differing approaches to reform and differing agricultural resource endowments. The level of reform determines the pattern and extent to which labor and capital change, with land reform and commodity market liberalization as the underlying forces for change. These reforms substantially raise the incentives to invest as a means to increase productivity and incomes. In countries where this initial threshold of reform has not been attained agricultural incomes grow more slowly and there is less incentive to invest. Where the incentives to invest are high a second round of reform is necessary to facilitate investment reforms which deepen and strengthen financial markets and improve the business environment. 2013-02-26T18:30:27Z 2013-02-26T18:30:27Z 2010-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/01/16279367/europe-central-asia-farm-mechanization-new-challenge-agriculture-low-middle-income-countries-europe-central-asia https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12505 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain Washington, DC |
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Banco Mundial |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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Bibliográfico |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
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Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
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English en_US |
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ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION AGRICULTURAL CENSUS AGRICULTURAL LABOR FORCE AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND BANKING SECTOR BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL INTENSIVE PRODUCTION CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARBON CLIMATE CHANGE COMMERCIAL CREDIT COMMERCIAL FARMING COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITION POLICY COMPETITIVENESS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT COST OF CAPITAL CROP CROPS CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RECOVERY ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC STABILITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTS EXCHANGE RATES FACTOR MARKETS FAMILY LABOR FARM FARM LABOR FARM MECHANIZATION FARM OWNERSHIP FARM WORKER FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FINANCIAL DEEPENING FINANCIAL LEASING FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FIXED COSTS FOOD PRODUCTION FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH WAGES INCOME INNOVATION INPUT PRICES INSURANCE LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR ORGANIZATION LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LEGISLATION LOW INTEREST RATES MARKET LIBERALIZATION MARKET PRICES MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MIGRATION MONETARY POLICY NOMINAL INTEREST RATE NOMINAL INTEREST RATES OPERATING COSTS PARTIAL PRIVATIZATION PLANTING POLICY ENVIRONMENT PRICE CONTROLS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PROFIT SHARING QUOTAS REAL INTEREST RATES REAL WAGES REGRESSION ANALYSIS RURAL LABOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAVINGS SMALL FARMS SOCIAL COSTS SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STATE INTERVENTION STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUBSIDIARY SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAX RATES TAXATION TRADE POLICY TRANSPORT VALUE ADDED WAGE RATES WAGES ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION AGRICULTURAL CENSUS AGRICULTURAL LABOR FORCE AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND BANKING SECTOR BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL INTENSIVE PRODUCTION CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARBON CLIMATE CHANGE COMMERCIAL CREDIT COMMERCIAL FARMING COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITION POLICY COMPETITIVENESS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT COST OF CAPITAL CROP CROPS CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RECOVERY ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC STABILITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTS EXCHANGE RATES FACTOR MARKETS FAMILY LABOR FARM FARM LABOR FARM MECHANIZATION FARM OWNERSHIP FARM WORKER FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FINANCIAL DEEPENING FINANCIAL LEASING FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FIXED COSTS FOOD PRODUCTION FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH WAGES INCOME INNOVATION INPUT PRICES INSURANCE LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR ORGANIZATION LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LEGISLATION LOW INTEREST RATES MARKET LIBERALIZATION MARKET PRICES MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MIGRATION MONETARY POLICY NOMINAL INTEREST RATE NOMINAL INTEREST RATES OPERATING COSTS PARTIAL PRIVATIZATION PLANTING POLICY ENVIRONMENT PRICE CONTROLS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PROFIT SHARING QUOTAS REAL INTEREST RATES REAL WAGES REGRESSION ANALYSIS RURAL LABOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAVINGS SMALL FARMS SOCIAL COSTS SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STATE INTERVENTION STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUBSIDIARY SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAX RATES TAXATION TRADE POLICY TRANSPORT VALUE ADDED WAGE RATES WAGES |
| spellingShingle |
ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION AGRICULTURAL CENSUS AGRICULTURAL LABOR FORCE AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND BANKING SECTOR BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL INTENSIVE PRODUCTION CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARBON CLIMATE CHANGE COMMERCIAL CREDIT COMMERCIAL FARMING COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITION POLICY COMPETITIVENESS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT COST OF CAPITAL CROP CROPS CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RECOVERY ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC STABILITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTS EXCHANGE RATES FACTOR MARKETS FAMILY LABOR FARM FARM LABOR FARM MECHANIZATION FARM OWNERSHIP FARM WORKER FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FINANCIAL DEEPENING FINANCIAL LEASING FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FIXED COSTS FOOD PRODUCTION FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH WAGES INCOME INNOVATION INPUT PRICES INSURANCE LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR ORGANIZATION LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LEGISLATION LOW INTEREST RATES MARKET LIBERALIZATION MARKET PRICES MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MIGRATION MONETARY POLICY NOMINAL INTEREST RATE NOMINAL INTEREST RATES OPERATING COSTS PARTIAL PRIVATIZATION PLANTING POLICY ENVIRONMENT PRICE CONTROLS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PROFIT SHARING QUOTAS REAL INTEREST RATES REAL WAGES REGRESSION ANALYSIS RURAL LABOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAVINGS SMALL FARMS SOCIAL COSTS SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STATE INTERVENTION STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUBSIDIARY SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAX RATES TAXATION TRADE POLICY TRANSPORT VALUE ADDED WAGE RATES WAGES ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION AGRICULTURAL CENSUS AGRICULTURAL LABOR FORCE AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND BANKING SECTOR BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL INTENSIVE PRODUCTION CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARBON CLIMATE CHANGE COMMERCIAL CREDIT COMMERCIAL FARMING COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITION POLICY COMPETITIVENESS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT COST OF CAPITAL CROP CROPS CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RECOVERY ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC STABILITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTS EXCHANGE RATES FACTOR MARKETS FAMILY LABOR FARM FARM LABOR FARM MECHANIZATION FARM OWNERSHIP FARM WORKER FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FINANCIAL DEEPENING FINANCIAL LEASING FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FIXED COSTS FOOD PRODUCTION FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH WAGES INCOME INNOVATION INPUT PRICES INSURANCE LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR ORGANIZATION LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LEGISLATION LOW INTEREST RATES MARKET LIBERALIZATION MARKET PRICES MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MIGRATION MONETARY POLICY NOMINAL INTEREST RATE NOMINAL INTEREST RATES OPERATING COSTS PARTIAL PRIVATIZATION PLANTING POLICY ENVIRONMENT PRICE CONTROLS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PROFIT SHARING QUOTAS REAL INTEREST RATES REAL WAGES REGRESSION ANALYSIS RURAL LABOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAVINGS SMALL FARMS SOCIAL COSTS SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STATE INTERVENTION STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUBSIDIARY SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAX RATES TAXATION TRADE POLICY TRANSPORT VALUE ADDED WAGE RATES WAGES World Bank Farm Mechanization : A New Challenge for Agriculture in Low and Middle Income Countries of Europe and Central Asia |
| description |
This report shows that trends in farm
mechanization are attributable to differing approaches to
reform and differing agricultural resource endowments. The
level of reform determines the pattern and extent to which
labor and capital change, with land reform and commodity
market liberalization as the underlying forces for change.
These reforms substantially raise the incentives to invest
as a means to increase productivity and incomes. In
countries where this initial threshold of reform has not
been attained agricultural incomes grow more slowly and
there is less incentive to invest. Where the incentives to
invest are high a second round of reform is necessary to
facilitate investment reforms which deepen and strengthen
financial markets and improve the business environment. |
| topic_facet |
ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION AGRICULTURAL CENSUS AGRICULTURAL LABOR FORCE AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND BANKING SECTOR BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL INTENSIVE PRODUCTION CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARBON CLIMATE CHANGE COMMERCIAL CREDIT COMMERCIAL FARMING COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITION POLICY COMPETITIVENESS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT COST OF CAPITAL CROP CROPS CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RECOVERY ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC STABILITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTS EXCHANGE RATES FACTOR MARKETS FAMILY LABOR FARM FARM LABOR FARM MECHANIZATION FARM OWNERSHIP FARM WORKER FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FINANCIAL DEEPENING FINANCIAL LEASING FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FIXED COSTS FOOD PRODUCTION FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH WAGES INCOME INNOVATION INPUT PRICES INSURANCE LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR ORGANIZATION LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LEGISLATION LOW INTEREST RATES MARKET LIBERALIZATION MARKET PRICES MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MIGRATION MONETARY POLICY NOMINAL INTEREST RATE NOMINAL INTEREST RATES OPERATING COSTS PARTIAL PRIVATIZATION PLANTING POLICY ENVIRONMENT PRICE CONTROLS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PROFIT SHARING QUOTAS REAL INTEREST RATES REAL WAGES REGRESSION ANALYSIS RURAL LABOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAVINGS SMALL FARMS SOCIAL COSTS SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STATE INTERVENTION STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUBSIDIARY SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAX RATES TAXATION TRADE POLICY TRANSPORT VALUE ADDED WAGE RATES WAGES |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Farm Mechanization : A New Challenge for Agriculture in Low and Middle Income Countries of Europe and Central Asia |
| title_short |
Farm Mechanization : A New Challenge for Agriculture in Low and Middle Income Countries of Europe and Central Asia |
| title_full |
Farm Mechanization : A New Challenge for Agriculture in Low and Middle Income Countries of Europe and Central Asia |
| title_fullStr |
Farm Mechanization : A New Challenge for Agriculture in Low and Middle Income Countries of Europe and Central Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Farm Mechanization : A New Challenge for Agriculture in Low and Middle Income Countries of Europe and Central Asia |
| title_sort |
farm mechanization : a new challenge for agriculture in low and middle income countries of europe and central asia |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2010-01 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/01/16279367/europe-central-asia-farm-mechanization-new-challenge-agriculture-low-middle-income-countries-europe-central-asia https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12505 |
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AT worldbank farmmechanizationanewchallengeforagricultureinlowandmiddleincomecountriesofeuropeandcentralasia |
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1807156607965986816 |