Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Kocher, Arthur, Papac, Luka, Barquera, Rodrigo, Key, Félix M., Spyrou, María A., Hübler, Ron, Rohrlach, Adam B., Aron, Franziska, Stahl, Raphaela, Wissgott, Antje, Van Bömmel, Florian, Arcusa-Magallón, Héctor, Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Schultz, Michael, Royo-Guillén, José Ignacio, Nováček, Jan, Rottier, Stéphane, Kacki, Sacha, Saintot, Sylvie, Kaverzneva, Elena, Belinskiy, Andrej B., Akar, Murat, Velemínský, Petr, Limburský, Petr, Kostka, Michal, Krauß, Raiko, Loe, Louise, Popescu, Elizabeth, Clarke, Rachel, Lyons, Alice, Mortimer, Richard, Sajantila, Antti, Yener, K. Aslihan, Chinique de Armas, Yadira, Hernández Godoy, Silvia Teresita, Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana I., Pearson, Jessica, Jiménez Echevarría, Javier, Binder, Didier, Lefranc, Philippe, Kantorovich, Anatoly R., Maslov, Vladimir E., Lai, Luca, Mittnik, Alissa, Zoledziewska, Magdalena, Beckett, Jessica F., Langová, Michaela, Danielisová, Alžběta, Ingman, Tara, Francken, Michael, García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Romero Jódar, Alejandro, Sperduti, Alessandra, Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo, Beckett, Sophie, Salter, Susannah J., Zilivinskaya, Emma D., Vasilev, Dmitry V., Heyking, Kristin von, Burger, Richard L., Shnaider, Svetlana, Salazar, Lucy C., Amkreutz, Luc, Navruzbekov, Masnav, Cucca, Francesco, Rosenstock, Eva, Alonso-Fernández, Carmen, Slavchev, Vladimir, Kalmykov, Alexey A., Atabiev, Biaslan Ch., Batieva, Elena, Álvarez Calmet, Micaela, Knijff, Peter de, Altena, Eveline, Van de Vijver, Katrien, Mazzarello, Vittorio, Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, Pfefferkorn, María, Tung, Tiffiny A., Lösch, Sandra, Dobrovolskaya, María, Makarov, Nikolaj, Read, Chris, Van Twest, Melanie, Sagona, Claudia, Ramsl, Peter C., Utrilla, Pilar, Rademaker, Kurt, Fernández-Domínguez, Eva, Baird, Douglas, Guevara, Evelyn K., Semal, Patrick, Márquez-Morfín, Lourdes, Roksandic, Mirjana, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Steiner, Hubert, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Shishlina, Natalia, Selim Erdal, Yilmaz, Hallgren, Fredrik, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Feldman, Michal, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Küßner, Mario, Sayer, Duncan, Onkamo, Päivi, Neumann, Gunnar U., Skeates, Robin, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Khussainova, Elmira, Djansugurova, Leyla B., Eisenmann, Stefanie, Beisenov, Arman Z., Samashev, Zainolla, Massy, Ken, Mannino, Marcello A., Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Rivollat, Maïté, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Balanovsky, Oleg, Deguilloux, Marie-France, Reinhold, Sabine, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Hansen, Svend, Kitov, Egor, Dobeš, Miroslav, Ernée, Michal, Meller, Harald, Alt, Kurt W., Van de Loosdrech, Marieke S., Prüfer, Kay, Warinner, Christina, Schiffels, Stephan, Giffin, Karen, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Bos, Kirsten, Posth, Cosimo, Herbig, Alexander, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Kühnert, Denise, Majander, Kerttu, Tukhbatova, Rezeda I., Musralina, Lyazzat, Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido Alberto, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Penske, Sandra, Sabin, Susanna, Michel, Megan, Gretzinger, Joscha, Nelson, Elizabeth A., Ferraz, Tiago, Nägele, Kathrin, Parker, Cody, Keller, Marcel, Friederich, Susanne, Schimmenti, Vittoria, Khartanovich, Valery, Karapetian, Marina K., Llamas, Bastien, Chaplygin, Mikhail S., Kufterin, Vladimir V., Khokhlov, Aleksander, Chizhevsky, Andrey A., Stashenkov, Dmitry A., Kochkina, Anna F., Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García-Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo
Other Authors:	Max Planck Society
Format:	artículo biblioteca
Published:	American Association for the Advancement of Science 2021-10
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/268494 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004561 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002261 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010783 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100001388 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004189 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004240
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