Natural history and systematic position of Rhetus belphegor (n. comb.) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), an endangered butterfly with narrow distribution in Southeast Brazil
The riodinid Rhetus belphegor (Westwood) (n. comb., previously in the genus Nirodia) is a critically endangered butterfly confined to the “campos rupestres”; a high-altitude rocky outcrop vegetation from southeast Brazil. The aim of this study is to unveil its biology and evaluate its systematic position. Based on museum data and public contribution of data (in the context of citizen science), R. belphegor is restricted to the “Espinhaço Mountain Chain”, and occurs exclusively above 1000 m. Adults were found resting upside down on rock walls. Females searched for host plants during the hottest hours of the day, depositing 1–2 eggs on leaves of the herbaceous subshrub Microstachys serrulata (Euphorbiaceae). The non-myrmecophilous larvae developed through six instars and the developmental time from egg to adult was ~50 days. Larvae are covered with abundant setae. Morphology of immature stages and molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that Nirodia is part of Rhetus, justifying the generic change. Our data supports that Nirodia is the only species in its clade associated with high mountains, in contrast to its lowland congeners. The description of the immature biology and clarification on its systematic position are essential steps for the establishment of better and more effective conservation efforts for this magnificent Brazilian butterfly.
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Format: | artículo biblioteca |
Language: | English |
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Springer
2015-12
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Subjects: | Citizen science, Conservation, Immature stages, Monotypic taxon, Neotropical, Riodinini, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/151991 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002322 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341 |
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dig-ibe-es-10261-1519912017-06-27T00:54:10Z Natural history and systematic position of Rhetus belphegor (n. comb.) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), an endangered butterfly with narrow distribution in Southeast Brazil Kaminski, Lucas A. Soares, Glória R. Seraphim, Noemy Wahlberg, Niklas Marini-Filho, Onildo J. Freitas, André V. L. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil) National Science Foundation (US) Academy of Finland National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US) Citizen science Conservation Immature stages Monotypic taxon Neotropical Riodinini The riodinid Rhetus belphegor (Westwood) (n. comb., previously in the genus Nirodia) is a critically endangered butterfly confined to the “campos rupestres”; a high-altitude rocky outcrop vegetation from southeast Brazil. The aim of this study is to unveil its biology and evaluate its systematic position. Based on museum data and public contribution of data (in the context of citizen science), R. belphegor is restricted to the “Espinhaço Mountain Chain”, and occurs exclusively above 1000 m. Adults were found resting upside down on rock walls. Females searched for host plants during the hottest hours of the day, depositing 1–2 eggs on leaves of the herbaceous subshrub Microstachys serrulata (Euphorbiaceae). The non-myrmecophilous larvae developed through six instars and the developmental time from egg to adult was ~50 days. Larvae are covered with abundant setae. Morphology of immature stages and molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that Nirodia is part of Rhetus, justifying the generic change. Our data supports that Nirodia is the only species in its clade associated with high mountains, in contrast to its lowland congeners. The description of the immature biology and clarification on its systematic position are essential steps for the establishment of better and more effective conservation efforts for this magnificent Brazilian butterfly. LAK was supported by CNPq (163119/2013-9) and CAPES (3200-14-0). NS was supported by CNPq (141254/2013-0) and CAPES (3700/14-3). AVLF thanks the CNPq (fellowship 302585/2011-7), the National Science Foundation (DEB-1256742) and the BIOTA-FAPESP Program (11/50225-3). NW acknowledges funding from the Academy of Finland (265511). This publication is part of the RedeLep “Rede Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Lepidópteros” SISBIOTA-Brasil/CNPq (563332/2010-7), of the project “Identificação Molecular de Biodiversidade de Invertebrados Terrestres” (Grant 564954/2010-1) included in the “Rede Nacional de Identificação Molecular da Biodiversidade—BR-BoL” (MCT/CNPq/FNDCT 50/2010), and of the collaborative grant ‘Dimensions US-BIOTA São Paulo: A multidisciplinary framework for biodiversity prediction in the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot’, US NSF, NASA and FAPESP (Grant 2013/50297-0). Peer reviewed 2017-06-26T06:46:31Z 2017-06-26T06:46:31Z 2015-12 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Journal of Insect Conservation 19(6): 1141-1151 (2015) 1366-638X http://hdl.handle.net/10261/151991 10.1007/s10841-015-9829-7 1572-9753 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002322 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341 en http://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-015-9829-7 Sí none Springer |
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Citizen science Conservation Immature stages Monotypic taxon Neotropical Riodinini Citizen science Conservation Immature stages Monotypic taxon Neotropical Riodinini |
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Citizen science Conservation Immature stages Monotypic taxon Neotropical Riodinini Citizen science Conservation Immature stages Monotypic taxon Neotropical Riodinini Kaminski, Lucas A. Soares, Glória R. Seraphim, Noemy Wahlberg, Niklas Marini-Filho, Onildo J. Freitas, André V. L. Natural history and systematic position of Rhetus belphegor (n. comb.) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), an endangered butterfly with narrow distribution in Southeast Brazil |
description |
The riodinid Rhetus belphegor (Westwood) (n. comb., previously in the genus Nirodia) is a critically endangered butterfly confined to the “campos rupestres”; a high-altitude rocky outcrop vegetation from southeast Brazil. The aim of this study is to unveil its biology and evaluate its systematic position. Based on museum data and public contribution of data (in the context of citizen science), R. belphegor is restricted to the “Espinhaço Mountain Chain”, and occurs exclusively above 1000 m. Adults were found resting upside down on rock walls. Females searched for host plants during the hottest hours of the day, depositing 1–2 eggs on leaves of the herbaceous subshrub Microstachys serrulata (Euphorbiaceae). The non-myrmecophilous larvae developed through six instars and the developmental time from egg to adult was ~50 days. Larvae are covered with abundant setae. Morphology of immature stages and molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that Nirodia is part of Rhetus, justifying the generic change. Our data supports that Nirodia is the only species in its clade associated with high mountains, in contrast to its lowland congeners. The description of the immature biology and clarification on its systematic position are essential steps for the establishment of better and more effective conservation efforts for this magnificent Brazilian butterfly. |
author2 |
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil) |
author_facet |
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil) Kaminski, Lucas A. Soares, Glória R. Seraphim, Noemy Wahlberg, Niklas Marini-Filho, Onildo J. Freitas, André V. L. |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Citizen science Conservation Immature stages Monotypic taxon Neotropical Riodinini |
author |
Kaminski, Lucas A. Soares, Glória R. Seraphim, Noemy Wahlberg, Niklas Marini-Filho, Onildo J. Freitas, André V. L. |
author_sort |
Kaminski, Lucas A. |
title |
Natural history and systematic position of Rhetus belphegor (n. comb.) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), an endangered butterfly with narrow distribution in Southeast Brazil |
title_short |
Natural history and systematic position of Rhetus belphegor (n. comb.) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), an endangered butterfly with narrow distribution in Southeast Brazil |
title_full |
Natural history and systematic position of Rhetus belphegor (n. comb.) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), an endangered butterfly with narrow distribution in Southeast Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Natural history and systematic position of Rhetus belphegor (n. comb.) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), an endangered butterfly with narrow distribution in Southeast Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Natural history and systematic position of Rhetus belphegor (n. comb.) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), an endangered butterfly with narrow distribution in Southeast Brazil |
title_sort |
natural history and systematic position of rhetus belphegor (n. comb.) (lepidoptera: riodinidae), an endangered butterfly with narrow distribution in southeast brazil |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2015-12 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/151991 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002322 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341 |
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