Variation for seed phytosterols in a set of safflower cultivars
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a minor crop at a world scale with great agronomic potential in some areas such as the Mediterranean Basin. Even though phytosterols are one of the most important components for edible oil quality, there is no information on variability for phytosterol content and profile in safflower cultivars. The objective of this research was to assess variation for phytosterol content and profile in a set of 20 safflower commercial and experimental cultivars grown in three contrasting locations of Spain. Over the three environments, seed yield averaged 1,264 kg ha-1 ranging from 891 to 1,507 kg ha-1 in individual cultivars. Oil content averaged 366 g kg-1, from 320 to 384 g kg-1, whereas hundred seed weight averaged 3.8 g, from 3.3 g to 4.4 g. Kernel phytosterol content averaged 3,025 mg kg-1, from 2,589 to 3,619 mg kg-1. The predominant phytosterol was β-sitosterol, which averaged 520 g kg-1 of the total phytosterols, followed by Δ7-stigmasterol (152 g kg-1) and campesterol (115 g kg-1). Maximum variation was found for the concentration of Δ7-stigmasterol, which ranged from 118 to 229 g kg-1 in individual cultivars. The analysis of variance showed that genotype effect was significant for seed yield, oil content, hundred seed weight, phytosterol content, and concentration of major individual sterols, except Δ5-avenasterol. Location effect was significant for all traits except for oil content and concentrations of Δ5-avenasterol and Δ7-stigmasterol. Genotype x location interaction was significant for all traits. The estimate of broad sense heritability was lower for seed yield (H2 = 0.49) than for oil content (H2 = 0.73) and hundred-seed weight (H2 = 0.62). Heritability for kernel phytosterol content (H2 = 0.52) was similar to that for seed yield, but considerably lower than for the concentration of the three major phytosterols β-sitosterol (H2 = 0.83), Δ7-stigmasterol (H2 = 0.96) and campesterol (H2 = 0.92). This suggests a simpler genetic control for phytosterol profile than for total content. The existence of additional variation for phytosterol content and profile in safflower germplasm collections should be investigated.
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | artículo biblioteca |
| Published: |
WFL Publisher
2013
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| Subjects: | Seed weight, Seed yield, Phytosterols, Heritability: Oil content, Genotype x environment, Genetic variation, Correlations, Carthamus tinctorius L., Safflower, |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/93687 |
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