Un sistema de monitoreo comunitario basado en móviles : un estudio de caso en la Sierra Madre de Chiapas

Resumen en inglés: "Community Based Natural Resource Monitoring (CBNRM) is a potential strategy to enable that Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes reach their intended effect of conserving ecosystem services like water provision, carbon sequestration and storage, and biodiversity conservation while strengthening small scale agroforestry systems that are indicated to both adapt to and mitigate climate change. However, CBNRM requires low-cost, easy to learn, replicable and adaptable methodologies that can be verified by independent third parties. Organizations like the Global Canopy Program and the Community Forest Monitoring Working Group are supporting the development of mobile data collection tools that have the potential to address many of the equity, efficiency and effectiveness concerns of the UNs Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation program (REDD+) as well as provide additional benefits like empowering local communities with the tools to make informed decisions about their natural resources. We tested the viability of these mobile monitoring tools for data collection using Android compatible phones and the freeware program Open Data Kit (ODK) in the buffer zone of the El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve in the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Mexico. In collaboration with the coffee cooperative Comon Yaj Noptic and a private coffee farm and reserve Finca Arroyo Negro, we carried out 190 sampling events with four community volunteer monitors between September and December 2011. Using this novel technology platform we tested 6 different monitoring targets: avian biodiversity point counts, above ground biomass, incidence of rare species, forest utility, land-use and internal control for coffee production. The opportunities to the mobile system are: the ability to collect large amounts and different types of data for little effort/cost while using one system, the system can be learned by users of varying technical experience, and the potential for aligning the economic interests in using the system to automate internal control with conservation goals. The greatest barrier is a lack of supporting organizational infrastructure for database management and support. For this mobile system to be realized in the region there must be significant investment in developing the back-end of the mobile system (database management & analysis) and continuous technical support and training for the community volunteers. We suggest that Pronatura Sur is best suited for this role since they have already invested significant effort into developing community based natural resource monitoring programs in the region. "