Mixed outcomes from conservation practices on soils and Striga-affected yields of a low-input, rice-maize system in Madagascar
On upland soils in tropical Africa, common production constraints of rice and maize on smallholder farms are poor soil fertility—resulting from soil erosion and nutrient depletion—and infestation by witchweeds (Striga spp.). In Madagascar where these crops are often grown in rotation, combining legume cover crops with no-till and crop residue mulching—labelled conservation agriculture (CA)—may address these problems. Previously, it was shown that CA practices contribute to steep reductions in Striga asiatica infection. In the current study, a 4-year field experiment was conducted to test, for the first time, the hypothesis that CA practices also contribute to crop yield and soil improvements under Striga-infested conditions. The conventional mono-crop rice–maize rotation practice, involving seasonal tillage and crop residue removal, was compared to three rice–maize rotation systems following CA practices, each with a different legume cover crop option: (1) two short-cycle annual species, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and mucuna (Mucuna pruriens); (2) a long-cycle annual, ricebean (Vigna umbellata); and (3) a perennial, stylosanthes (S. guianensis). Rice yields, as well as yield variability, generally increased by changing from the conventional to a CA practice, and maize yields were variable and low in particular under the CA practices. CA practices significantly reduced soil displacement by rainwater runoff and increased soil nitrogen and pH levels (0–20 cm depth), in particular with stylosanthes as cover crop, but did not result in a significant change in soil organic carbon concentration. Rice yields correlated negatively with Striga asiatica plant numbers in years with moderate infection levels. This is the first study that shows mixed outcomes from CA practices in tropical cereal rotation systems on degraded, Striga-infested soils, and subsequent entry points for system improvements. Suggested improvements include judicious cover crop management, complementary fertilizer applications and selection of competitive, resistant and adapted crop varieties.
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Biblioteca del CIRAD Francia |
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F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage agriculture de conservation conservation des sols plante de couverture Striga asiatica Zea mays Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Vigna umbellata Mucuna pruriens Stylosanthes guianensis http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_264f7edd http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7165 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1936 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32337 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8504 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8246 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7480 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4510 F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage agriculture de conservation conservation des sols plante de couverture Striga asiatica Zea mays Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Vigna umbellata Mucuna pruriens Stylosanthes guianensis http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_264f7edd http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7165 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1936 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32337 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8504 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8246 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7480 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4510 |
spellingShingle |
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage agriculture de conservation conservation des sols plante de couverture Striga asiatica Zea mays Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Vigna umbellata Mucuna pruriens Stylosanthes guianensis http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_264f7edd http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7165 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1936 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32337 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8504 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8246 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7480 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4510 F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage agriculture de conservation conservation des sols plante de couverture Striga asiatica Zea mays Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Vigna umbellata Mucuna pruriens Stylosanthes guianensis http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_264f7edd http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7165 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1936 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32337 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8504 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8246 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7480 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4510 Rodenburg, Jonne Randrianjafizanaka, Meva Tahiry Büchi, Lucie Dieng, Ibnou Andrianaivo, Alain-Paul Raveloson-Ravaomanarivo, Lala Harivelo Autfray, Patrice Mixed outcomes from conservation practices on soils and Striga-affected yields of a low-input, rice-maize system in Madagascar |
description |
On upland soils in tropical Africa, common production constraints of rice and maize on smallholder farms are poor soil fertility—resulting from soil erosion and nutrient depletion—and infestation by witchweeds (Striga spp.). In Madagascar where these crops are often grown in rotation, combining legume cover crops with no-till and crop residue mulching—labelled conservation agriculture (CA)—may address these problems. Previously, it was shown that CA practices contribute to steep reductions in Striga asiatica infection. In the current study, a 4-year field experiment was conducted to test, for the first time, the hypothesis that CA practices also contribute to crop yield and soil improvements under Striga-infested conditions. The conventional mono-crop rice–maize rotation practice, involving seasonal tillage and crop residue removal, was compared to three rice–maize rotation systems following CA practices, each with a different legume cover crop option: (1) two short-cycle annual species, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and mucuna (Mucuna pruriens); (2) a long-cycle annual, ricebean (Vigna umbellata); and (3) a perennial, stylosanthes (S. guianensis). Rice yields, as well as yield variability, generally increased by changing from the conventional to a CA practice, and maize yields were variable and low in particular under the CA practices. CA practices significantly reduced soil displacement by rainwater runoff and increased soil nitrogen and pH levels (0–20 cm depth), in particular with stylosanthes as cover crop, but did not result in a significant change in soil organic carbon concentration. Rice yields correlated negatively with Striga asiatica plant numbers in years with moderate infection levels. This is the first study that shows mixed outcomes from CA practices in tropical cereal rotation systems on degraded, Striga-infested soils, and subsequent entry points for system improvements. Suggested improvements include judicious cover crop management, complementary fertilizer applications and selection of competitive, resistant and adapted crop varieties. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage agriculture de conservation conservation des sols plante de couverture Striga asiatica Zea mays Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Vigna umbellata Mucuna pruriens Stylosanthes guianensis http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_264f7edd http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7165 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1936 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32337 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8504 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8246 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7480 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4510 |
author |
Rodenburg, Jonne Randrianjafizanaka, Meva Tahiry Büchi, Lucie Dieng, Ibnou Andrianaivo, Alain-Paul Raveloson-Ravaomanarivo, Lala Harivelo Autfray, Patrice |
author_facet |
Rodenburg, Jonne Randrianjafizanaka, Meva Tahiry Büchi, Lucie Dieng, Ibnou Andrianaivo, Alain-Paul Raveloson-Ravaomanarivo, Lala Harivelo Autfray, Patrice |
author_sort |
Rodenburg, Jonne |
title |
Mixed outcomes from conservation practices on soils and Striga-affected yields of a low-input, rice-maize system in Madagascar |
title_short |
Mixed outcomes from conservation practices on soils and Striga-affected yields of a low-input, rice-maize system in Madagascar |
title_full |
Mixed outcomes from conservation practices on soils and Striga-affected yields of a low-input, rice-maize system in Madagascar |
title_fullStr |
Mixed outcomes from conservation practices on soils and Striga-affected yields of a low-input, rice-maize system in Madagascar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mixed outcomes from conservation practices on soils and Striga-affected yields of a low-input, rice-maize system in Madagascar |
title_sort |
mixed outcomes from conservation practices on soils and striga-affected yields of a low-input, rice-maize system in madagascar |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/596259/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/596259/1/Rodenburg2020.pdf |
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AT rodenburgjonne mixedoutcomesfromconservationpracticesonsoilsandstrigaaffectedyieldsofalowinputricemaizesysteminmadagascar AT randrianjafizanakamevatahiry mixedoutcomesfromconservationpracticesonsoilsandstrigaaffectedyieldsofalowinputricemaizesysteminmadagascar AT buchilucie mixedoutcomesfromconservationpracticesonsoilsandstrigaaffectedyieldsofalowinputricemaizesysteminmadagascar AT diengibnou mixedoutcomesfromconservationpracticesonsoilsandstrigaaffectedyieldsofalowinputricemaizesysteminmadagascar AT andrianaivoalainpaul mixedoutcomesfromconservationpracticesonsoilsandstrigaaffectedyieldsofalowinputricemaizesysteminmadagascar AT ravelosonravaomanarivolalaharivelo mixedoutcomesfromconservationpracticesonsoilsandstrigaaffectedyieldsofalowinputricemaizesysteminmadagascar AT autfraypatrice mixedoutcomesfromconservationpracticesonsoilsandstrigaaffectedyieldsofalowinputricemaizesysteminmadagascar |
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dig-cirad-fr-5962592024-02-16T19:01:44Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/596259/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/596259/ Mixed outcomes from conservation practices on soils and Striga-affected yields of a low-input, rice-maize system in Madagascar. Rodenburg Jonne, Randrianjafizanaka Meva Tahiry, Büchi Lucie, Dieng Ibnou, Andrianaivo Alain-Paul, Raveloson-Ravaomanarivo Lala Harivelo, Autfray Patrice. 2020. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 40:8, 11 p.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-020-0612-0 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-020-0612-0> Mixed outcomes from conservation practices on soils and Striga-affected yields of a low-input, rice-maize system in Madagascar Rodenburg, Jonne Randrianjafizanaka, Meva Tahiry Büchi, Lucie Dieng, Ibnou Andrianaivo, Alain-Paul Raveloson-Ravaomanarivo, Lala Harivelo Autfray, Patrice eng 2020 Agronomy for Sustainable Development F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage agriculture de conservation conservation des sols plante de couverture Striga asiatica Zea mays Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Vigna umbellata Mucuna pruriens Stylosanthes guianensis http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_264f7edd http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7165 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1936 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32337 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8504 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8246 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7480 Madagascar http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4510 On upland soils in tropical Africa, common production constraints of rice and maize on smallholder farms are poor soil fertility—resulting from soil erosion and nutrient depletion—and infestation by witchweeds (Striga spp.). In Madagascar where these crops are often grown in rotation, combining legume cover crops with no-till and crop residue mulching—labelled conservation agriculture (CA)—may address these problems. Previously, it was shown that CA practices contribute to steep reductions in Striga asiatica infection. In the current study, a 4-year field experiment was conducted to test, for the first time, the hypothesis that CA practices also contribute to crop yield and soil improvements under Striga-infested conditions. The conventional mono-crop rice–maize rotation practice, involving seasonal tillage and crop residue removal, was compared to three rice–maize rotation systems following CA practices, each with a different legume cover crop option: (1) two short-cycle annual species, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and mucuna (Mucuna pruriens); (2) a long-cycle annual, ricebean (Vigna umbellata); and (3) a perennial, stylosanthes (S. guianensis). Rice yields, as well as yield variability, generally increased by changing from the conventional to a CA practice, and maize yields were variable and low in particular under the CA practices. CA practices significantly reduced soil displacement by rainwater runoff and increased soil nitrogen and pH levels (0–20 cm depth), in particular with stylosanthes as cover crop, but did not result in a significant change in soil organic carbon concentration. Rice yields correlated negatively with Striga asiatica plant numbers in years with moderate infection levels. This is the first study that shows mixed outcomes from CA practices in tropical cereal rotation systems on degraded, Striga-infested soils, and subsequent entry points for system improvements. Suggested improvements include judicious cover crop management, complementary fertilizer applications and selection of competitive, resistant and adapted crop varieties. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/596259/1/Rodenburg2020.pdf text Cirad license info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess https://agritrop.cirad.fr/mention_legale.html https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-020-0612-0 10.1007/s13593-020-0612-0 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s13593-020-0612-0 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-020-0612-0 info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/purl/https://rdcu.be/b5RWN |