The biogeography of South African terrestrial plant invasions
Thousands of plant species have been introduced, intentionally and accidentally, to South Africa from many parts of the world. Alien plants are now conspicuous features of many South African landscapes and hundreds of species have naturalised (i.e. reproduce regularly without human intervention), many of which are also invasive (i.e. have spread over long distances). There is no comprehensive inventory of alien, naturalised, and invasive plants for South Africa, but 327 plant taxa, most of which are invasive, are listed in national legislation. We collated records of 759 plant taxa in 126 families and 418 genera that have naturalised in natural and semi-natural ecosystems. Over half of these naturalised taxa are trees or shrubs, just under a tenth are in the families Fabaceae (73 taxa) and Asteraceae (64); genera with the most species are Eucalyptus,Acacia, and Opuntia. The southern African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA) provides the best data for assessing the extent of invasions at the national scale. SAPIA data show that naturalised plants occur in 83% of quarter-degree grid cells in the country. While SAPIA data highlight general distribution patterns (high alien plant species richness in areas with high native plant species richness and around the main human settlements), an accurate, repeatable method for estimating the area invaded by plants is lacking. Introductions and dissemination of alien plants over more than three centuries, and invasions over at least 120 years (and especially in the last 50 years) have shaped the distribution of alien plants in South Africa. Distribution patterns of naturalised and invasive plants define four ecologically-meaningful clusters or “alien plant species assemblage zones”, each with signature alien plant taxa for which trait-environment interactions can be postulated as strong determinants of success. Some widespread invasive taxa occur in high frequencies across multiple zones; these taxa occur mainly in riparian zones and other azonal habitats,or depend on human-mediated disturbance, which weakens or overcomes the factors that determine specificity to any biogeographical region.
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Subjects: | F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, espèce envahissante, biogéographie, espèce introduite, plante terrestre, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49865, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1333440888271, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330289, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7252, |
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dig-cirad-fr-5954202024-05-30T16:01:53Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/595420/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/595420/ The biogeography of South African terrestrial plant invasions. Richardson David M., Foxcroft Llewellyn C., Latombe Guillaume, Le Maitre David C., Rouget Mathieu, Wilson John R. U.. 2020. In : Biological invasions in South Africa. van Wilgen B. (ed.), Measey J. (ed.), Richardson D.M. (ed.), Wilson J.R. (ed.), Zengeya T.A. (ed.). Cham : Springer, 67-96. (Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology, 14) ISBN 978-3-030-32393-6https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_3 <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_3> The biogeography of South African terrestrial plant invasions Richardson, David M. Foxcroft, Llewellyn C. Latombe, Guillaume Le Maitre, David C. Rouget, Mathieu Wilson, John R. U. eng 2020 Springer Biological invasions in South Africa F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie espèce envahissante biogéographie espèce introduite plante terrestre http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49865 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1333440888271 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330289 Afrique du Sud http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7252 Thousands of plant species have been introduced, intentionally and accidentally, to South Africa from many parts of the world. Alien plants are now conspicuous features of many South African landscapes and hundreds of species have naturalised (i.e. reproduce regularly without human intervention), many of which are also invasive (i.e. have spread over long distances). There is no comprehensive inventory of alien, naturalised, and invasive plants for South Africa, but 327 plant taxa, most of which are invasive, are listed in national legislation. We collated records of 759 plant taxa in 126 families and 418 genera that have naturalised in natural and semi-natural ecosystems. Over half of these naturalised taxa are trees or shrubs, just under a tenth are in the families Fabaceae (73 taxa) and Asteraceae (64); genera with the most species are Eucalyptus,Acacia, and Opuntia. The southern African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA) provides the best data for assessing the extent of invasions at the national scale. SAPIA data show that naturalised plants occur in 83% of quarter-degree grid cells in the country. While SAPIA data highlight general distribution patterns (high alien plant species richness in areas with high native plant species richness and around the main human settlements), an accurate, repeatable method for estimating the area invaded by plants is lacking. Introductions and dissemination of alien plants over more than three centuries, and invasions over at least 120 years (and especially in the last 50 years) have shaped the distribution of alien plants in South Africa. Distribution patterns of naturalised and invasive plants define four ecologically-meaningful clusters or “alien plant species assemblage zones”, each with signature alien plant taxa for which trait-environment interactions can be postulated as strong determinants of success. Some widespread invasive taxa occur in high frequencies across multiple zones; these taxa occur mainly in riparian zones and other azonal habitats,or depend on human-mediated disturbance, which weakens or overcomes the factors that determine specificity to any biogeographical region. book_section info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart Chapter info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/595420/1/Richardson2020_Chapter_TheBiogeographyOfSouthAfricanT.pdf text Cirad license info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess https://agritrop.cirad.fr/mention_legale.html https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_3 10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_3 https://catalogue-bibliotheques.cirad.fr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=220676 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_3 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_3 |
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F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie espèce envahissante biogéographie espèce introduite plante terrestre http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49865 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1333440888271 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330289 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7252 F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie espèce envahissante biogéographie espèce introduite plante terrestre http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49865 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1333440888271 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330289 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7252 |
spellingShingle |
F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie espèce envahissante biogéographie espèce introduite plante terrestre http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49865 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1333440888271 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330289 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7252 F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie espèce envahissante biogéographie espèce introduite plante terrestre http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49865 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1333440888271 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330289 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7252 Richardson, David M. Foxcroft, Llewellyn C. Latombe, Guillaume Le Maitre, David C. Rouget, Mathieu Wilson, John R. U. The biogeography of South African terrestrial plant invasions |
description |
Thousands of plant species have been introduced, intentionally and accidentally, to South Africa from many parts of the world. Alien plants are now conspicuous features of many South African landscapes and hundreds of species have naturalised (i.e. reproduce regularly without human intervention), many of which are also invasive (i.e. have spread over long distances). There is no comprehensive inventory of alien, naturalised, and invasive plants for South Africa, but 327 plant taxa, most of which are invasive, are listed in national legislation. We collated records of 759 plant taxa in 126 families and 418 genera that have naturalised in natural and semi-natural ecosystems. Over half of these naturalised taxa are trees or shrubs, just under a tenth are in the families Fabaceae (73 taxa) and Asteraceae (64); genera with the most species are Eucalyptus,Acacia, and Opuntia. The southern African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA) provides the best data for assessing the extent of invasions at the national scale. SAPIA data show that naturalised plants occur in 83% of quarter-degree grid cells in the country. While SAPIA data highlight general distribution patterns (high alien plant species richness in areas with high native plant species richness and around the main human settlements), an accurate, repeatable method for estimating the area invaded by plants is lacking. Introductions and dissemination of alien plants over more than three centuries, and invasions over at least 120 years (and especially in the last 50 years) have shaped the distribution of alien plants in South Africa. Distribution patterns of naturalised and invasive plants define four ecologically-meaningful clusters or “alien plant species assemblage zones”, each with signature alien plant taxa for which trait-environment interactions can be postulated as strong determinants of success. Some widespread invasive taxa occur in high frequencies across multiple zones; these taxa occur mainly in riparian zones and other azonal habitats,or depend on human-mediated disturbance, which weakens or overcomes the factors that determine specificity to any biogeographical region. |
format |
book_section |
topic_facet |
F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie espèce envahissante biogéographie espèce introduite plante terrestre http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49865 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1333440888271 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330289 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7252 |
author |
Richardson, David M. Foxcroft, Llewellyn C. Latombe, Guillaume Le Maitre, David C. Rouget, Mathieu Wilson, John R. U. |
author_facet |
Richardson, David M. Foxcroft, Llewellyn C. Latombe, Guillaume Le Maitre, David C. Rouget, Mathieu Wilson, John R. U. |
author_sort |
Richardson, David M. |
title |
The biogeography of South African terrestrial plant invasions |
title_short |
The biogeography of South African terrestrial plant invasions |
title_full |
The biogeography of South African terrestrial plant invasions |
title_fullStr |
The biogeography of South African terrestrial plant invasions |
title_full_unstemmed |
The biogeography of South African terrestrial plant invasions |
title_sort |
biogeography of south african terrestrial plant invasions |
publisher |
Springer |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/595420/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/595420/1/Richardson2020_Chapter_TheBiogeographyOfSouthAfricanT.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
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