Whose agroforestry product it is? Crossing kinship and tenure rights theories to analyze agroforestry systems
Social and economical importance of the products derived from the perennial crop Agroforestry systems is well recognized by researchers, chains supply operators and policy makers. Although there have been many studies on economical values on tree products very few of them have analyzed the access rights of them. From research of twenty years, in particular in six countries: the Comoros, Cameroon, Madagascar, Benin, Ivory Coast and Indonesia, this article analyze the importance of the link between the status of the products, the management of the trees and the products and their values: agronomic, economic and symbolic systems. One of the major advantages of the Agroforestry systems is their multi-functionality. It is interesting to use the multiple potential of the trees which provide, at the same time, products and services. It increases the chance to stimulate the development of sustainable systems combining environmental services and economic values. For the multipurpose character of the trees induces the multi-appropriation of the products, we propose to use tools of socio-anthropology to analyze the rights of access to the Agroforestry products. Firstly, we will examine the characteristics and functions of the perennial crops and their products. Beyond the functions of productions, the trees are a physical support of the economic and social accumulation of the households because of their perennial character. This specificity makes it possible to the actors to satisfy, via the trees, their patrimonial needs of any type: inheritance of treasury, inheritance of precaution, inheritance dedicated to events, inheritance related to the cycle of life and inheritance of transmission. Secondly, we will identify the main objectives of the rural families by using the contributions of the agrarian systemic analysis in particular with the use of the concept "family-farming system". The use of the anthropological concept and methods of kinship makes it possible to identify the production, consumption, accumulation or residence units of the families which are seldom superposed. The objectives and the strategies can thus be analyzed in their complexity even their contradictions inside the same family or for the same individual. Thus the multiple decision-making centers are analyzed and can be taken into account for development projects. Thirdly, it is common to admit that the property of the land gives the property of the trees of this land and consequently the rights of access to these trees and their products. But specialists in land (economists, socio-anthropologists, lawyers, etc.) showed that it is necessary to dissociate the status of the resources and the status of the land. The tenure rights theory makes it possible to identify and analyze the variety of the rights concerning the space, the tree and its products. The major tool of this theory is a matrix which models the rights in five categories by combining the physical rights of access, extraction, management, exclusion and alienation. Combining the use of the tools of the system approach, those of kinship and the use of the matrix of the land controls, we can identify and analyze the stakes related to the access rights of the trees and their products in economic and social terms. The recognition of the diversity of the production functions and of the patrimonial functions helps the development projects to 2 better answer the multiple objectives of the stakeholders, in particular via the Agroforestry systems which offer, from their perennial and various natures, major assets.
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| Format: | conference_item biblioteca |
| Language: | eng |
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CATIE
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| Subjects: | E11 - Économie et politique foncières, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, E50 - Sociologie rurale, |
| Online Access: | http://agritrop.cirad.fr/540951/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/540951/1/document_540951.pdf |
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