Antimicrobial use by peri-urban poultry smallholders of Kajiado and Machakos counties in Kenya
Antimicrobial use (AMU) is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An understanding of current practices can lead to better targeting of AMU-reducing interventions. An analysis of the distribution and current usage of veterinary drugs in peri-urban smallholder poultry systems in Kenya was undertaken. A survey among poultry farmers and key informant interviews with agrovet operators and other players in the value chain was conducted in Machakos and Kajiado counties. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic approaches. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed. The majority (58%) were > 50 years old, and all kept chickens, while 66% kept other livestock. Antibiotics constituted 43% of the drugs reportedly used on the farms (n = 706). These were mostly administered by the farmers themselves (86%) through water (98%). Leftover drugs were stored for later use (89%) or disposed of (11%). Incineration was the main method for the disposal of leftover drugs and empty containers. As described by the key informants (n = 17), the drug distribution chain relied on agrovet shops that were supplied by local distributors and pharmaceutical companies, which, in turn, supplied drugs to the farmers. Farmers reportedly purchased drugs without prescriptions and rarely observed the withdrawal periods. Drug quality was a concern, especially for products requiring reconstitution.
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Format: | Journal Article biblioteca |
Language: | English |
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MDPI
2023-05-13
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Subjects: | antimicrobial resistance, animal production, poultry, infectious diseases, biochemistry, microbiology, |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/130386 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050905 |
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dig-cgspace-10568-1303862023-12-08T19:36:04Z Antimicrobial use by peri-urban poultry smallholders of Kajiado and Machakos counties in Kenya Mutua, Florence K. Kiarie, Gideon Mbatha, M. Onono, J. Boqvist, S. Kilonzi, Emily Mugisha, L. Moodley, Arshnee Sternberg-Lewerin, S. antimicrobial resistance animal production poultry infectious diseases biochemistry microbiology Antimicrobial use (AMU) is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An understanding of current practices can lead to better targeting of AMU-reducing interventions. An analysis of the distribution and current usage of veterinary drugs in peri-urban smallholder poultry systems in Kenya was undertaken. A survey among poultry farmers and key informant interviews with agrovet operators and other players in the value chain was conducted in Machakos and Kajiado counties. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic approaches. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed. The majority (58%) were > 50 years old, and all kept chickens, while 66% kept other livestock. Antibiotics constituted 43% of the drugs reportedly used on the farms (n = 706). These were mostly administered by the farmers themselves (86%) through water (98%). Leftover drugs were stored for later use (89%) or disposed of (11%). Incineration was the main method for the disposal of leftover drugs and empty containers. As described by the key informants (n = 17), the drug distribution chain relied on agrovet shops that were supplied by local distributors and pharmaceutical companies, which, in turn, supplied drugs to the farmers. Farmers reportedly purchased drugs without prescriptions and rarely observed the withdrawal periods. Drug quality was a concern, especially for products requiring reconstitution. 2023-05-13 2023-05-15T08:46:18Z 2023-05-15T08:46:18Z Journal Article Mutua, F., Kiarie, G., Mbatha, M., Onono, J., Boqvist, S., Kilonzi, E., Mugisha, L., Moodley, A. and Sternberg-Lewerin, S. 2023. Antimicrobial use by peri-urban poultry smallholders of Kajiado and Machakos counties in Kenya. Antibiotics 12(5): 905. 2079-6382 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/130386 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050905 en CC-BY-4.0 Open Access 905 MDPI Antibiotics |
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antimicrobial resistance animal production poultry infectious diseases biochemistry microbiology antimicrobial resistance animal production poultry infectious diseases biochemistry microbiology |
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antimicrobial resistance animal production poultry infectious diseases biochemistry microbiology antimicrobial resistance animal production poultry infectious diseases biochemistry microbiology Mutua, Florence K. Kiarie, Gideon Mbatha, M. Onono, J. Boqvist, S. Kilonzi, Emily Mugisha, L. Moodley, Arshnee Sternberg-Lewerin, S. Antimicrobial use by peri-urban poultry smallholders of Kajiado and Machakos counties in Kenya |
description |
Antimicrobial use (AMU) is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An understanding of current practices can lead to better targeting of AMU-reducing interventions. An analysis of the distribution and current usage of veterinary drugs in peri-urban smallholder poultry systems in Kenya was undertaken. A survey among poultry farmers and key informant interviews with agrovet operators and other players in the value chain was conducted in Machakos and Kajiado counties. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic approaches. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed. The majority (58%) were > 50 years old, and all kept chickens, while 66% kept other livestock. Antibiotics constituted 43% of the drugs reportedly used on the farms (n = 706). These were mostly administered by the farmers themselves (86%) through water (98%). Leftover drugs were stored for later use (89%) or disposed of (11%). Incineration was the main method for the disposal of leftover drugs and empty containers. As described by the key informants (n = 17), the drug distribution chain relied on agrovet shops that were supplied by local distributors and pharmaceutical companies, which, in turn, supplied drugs to the farmers. Farmers reportedly purchased drugs without prescriptions and rarely observed the withdrawal periods. Drug quality was a concern, especially for products requiring reconstitution. |
format |
Journal Article |
topic_facet |
antimicrobial resistance animal production poultry infectious diseases biochemistry microbiology |
author |
Mutua, Florence K. Kiarie, Gideon Mbatha, M. Onono, J. Boqvist, S. Kilonzi, Emily Mugisha, L. Moodley, Arshnee Sternberg-Lewerin, S. |
author_facet |
Mutua, Florence K. Kiarie, Gideon Mbatha, M. Onono, J. Boqvist, S. Kilonzi, Emily Mugisha, L. Moodley, Arshnee Sternberg-Lewerin, S. |
author_sort |
Mutua, Florence K. |
title |
Antimicrobial use by peri-urban poultry smallholders of Kajiado and Machakos counties in Kenya |
title_short |
Antimicrobial use by peri-urban poultry smallholders of Kajiado and Machakos counties in Kenya |
title_full |
Antimicrobial use by peri-urban poultry smallholders of Kajiado and Machakos counties in Kenya |
title_fullStr |
Antimicrobial use by peri-urban poultry smallholders of Kajiado and Machakos counties in Kenya |
title_full_unstemmed |
Antimicrobial use by peri-urban poultry smallholders of Kajiado and Machakos counties in Kenya |
title_sort |
antimicrobial use by peri-urban poultry smallholders of kajiado and machakos counties in kenya |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2023-05-13 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/130386 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050905 |
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