Local and regional dynamics of native maize seed lot use by small-scale producers and their impact on transgene presence in three mexican states

Mexico harbors over 50% of maize’s genetic diversity in the Americas. Native maize varieties are actively managed by small-scale producers within a diverse array of cultivation systems. Seed lot use, exchange and admixture has consequences for the in situ conservation of such varieties. Here we analyze native maize seed management dynamics from 906 small-scale producers surveyed in three Mexican states: Mexico City, Oaxaca and Chiapas. Furthermore, we analyze how their management practices can relate to transgene presence, which was experimentally documented for maize samples associated with the applied surveys. Through a data mining approach, we investigated which practices might be related with a higher probability of transgene presence. The variables found to have a strong spatial association with transgene presence were: for Mexico City, maize producers with larger parcels; for Oaxaca, producer’s age (43–46 years) and the sale of seed; for Chiapas, the use of agricultural machinery and younger producers (37–43 years). Additionally, transgene presence and frequency within the socioeconomic regions of Oaxaca and Chiapas was analyzed. In Oaxaca, higher transgene frequencies occurred in regions where transgene presence had been previously reported. In Chiapas, the border regions with Guatemala as well as a region where reproduction of improved seed takes place, the highest proportion of positive samples were found. A detailed mapping of regional seed markets and seed exchange sites together with deployment of national and local biosecurity measures, could help prevent the further spread of transgenes into native maize varieties, as well as improve conservation efforts.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Ayala Angulo, Mariana autora, González, Edgar J. autor, Ureta, Carolina autora, Chávez Servia, José Luis autor, González Ortega, Emmanuel autor, Vandame, Rémy Doctor autor 3181, de Ávila Bloomberg, Alejandro autor, Martínez Guerra, Geovanni autor, González Díaz, Said autor, Ruiz González, Rosey Obet Doctor autor 15931, Diego Flores, Prisciliano autor, Álvarez Buylla, Elena R. autora, Piñeyro Nelson, Alma autora
Format:	Texto biblioteca
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Variedades del maíz nativo, Manejo de las semillas de maíz, Maíz transgénico, Productividad agrícola, Explotación agrícola en pequeña escala, Artfrosur,
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12132514
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