Nematódios da regiao cacaueira do Espírito Santo, Brasil, 1: Nematódios associados ao cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.)

A total of 89 soil and root samples from 27 farms, from three municipalities in Espirito Santo (Linhares, Colatina and Sao Mateus) contained mixed populations of 20 genera and 26 species of plant parasitic nematodes. Twelve species associated with cocoa trees had symptoms of dieback and sudden death (six each). The most common nematode genera were: Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Hemicriconemoides, Xiphinema, Criconemoides and Paratylenchus. The plant nematode species identified were: Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides sp., Boleodorus sp., Criconemoides sp., C. mauritiana, Dolichodorus sp., Gracilacus aculentus, Helicotylenchus sp., H. dihystera, H. multicinctus, Hemicycliophora sp., Hemicriconemoides sp., Longidorus sp., Meloidogyne incognita, Paratylenchus sp., Peltamigratus sp., Rotylenchulus reniformis, Trichodorus sp. Trophurus sp., Tylenchorhynchus martini, Tylenchus sp., T. davainei, Tylenchulidae (family), Xiphinema sp., X. americanum and X. setariae