Genetic engineering of novel animal virus vaccines

Conventional virus vaccines have numerous shortcomings. They are neither as safe as they ought to be, nor as efficacious. The shortcomings of conventional vaccines can be overcome through genetic engineering. The objectives of genetic engineering are to provide the producer and the practitioner with vaccines that are safer and more compatible with producer practices. The modified-live thymidine kinase deletion mutants of pseudorabies virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus provide examples of safe, efficacious, rationally designed, user friendly, veterinary vaccines. All vaccines, whether conventional or genetically engineered, ought to be evaluated by the same stringent standards, to insure their safety, purity, potency, and efficacy, and to verify that they do not have a negative environmental impact