Grazing components differentially affect mycorrhizas in Paspalum ditatatum Poir.
Grazing by large herbivores represents an important disturbance in natural grasslands, affecting its structure and function. Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are cosmopolitan interactions in these ecosystems, particularly in grasses, main constituent of this ecosystem. Mycorrhizas show contradictory responses to grazing (AM colonization has been positively, negatively and not affected by grazing). We hypothesized that each grazing component (selective defoliation, trampling and urine deposition) would differentially affect mycorrhizal colonization, and this could explain the high variability in AM responses. Our objective was to assess the effect of trampling, selective defoliation and nitrogen (N) addition on AM colonization of one of the most important grasses in Río de la Plata grasslands: Paspalum dilatatum. Grazing components were simulated in a manipulative experiment where we evaluated their individual and combined effects on total AM colonization and the occurrence of different fungal structures (arbuscules, coils and vesicles). No grazing component affected total AM colonization and arbuscules, while other fungi structures were affected by different treatments. Coil colonization (one of the nutrient interchange structures between the symbionts) was positively affected by selective defoliation and it was negatively affected by N addition; these structures were also affected by the combined effect between selectivity x trampling and by trampling x N addition. Vesicle colonization was negatively affected by trampling, maybe because of mechanical damage to roots and to extraradical mycelium caused by this disturb. The study of the individual grazing components showed that each one caused different effects on mycorrhizal interaction and their relative influence could affect the overall grazing effect on this interaction.https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.19.29.2.0.802
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Asociación Argentina de Ecología
2019
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García, Silvina Pezzani, Fabiana Lezama, Felipe Paruelo, José M. |
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García, Silvina Pezzani, Fabiana Lezama, Felipe Paruelo, José M. Grazing components differentially affect mycorrhizas in Paspalum ditatatum Poir. |
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García, Silvina Pezzani, Fabiana Lezama, Felipe Paruelo, José M. |
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García, Silvina |
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Grazing components differentially affect mycorrhizas in Paspalum ditatatum Poir. |
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Grazing components differentially affect mycorrhizas in Paspalum ditatatum Poir. |
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Grazing components differentially affect mycorrhizas in Paspalum ditatatum Poir. |
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Grazing components differentially affect mycorrhizas in Paspalum ditatatum Poir. |
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Grazing components differentially affect mycorrhizas in Paspalum ditatatum Poir. |
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grazing components differentially affect mycorrhizas in paspalum ditatatum poir. |
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Grazing by large herbivores represents an important disturbance in natural grasslands, affecting its structure and function. Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are cosmopolitan interactions in these ecosystems, particularly in grasses, main constituent of this ecosystem. Mycorrhizas show contradictory responses to grazing (AM colonization has been positively, negatively and not affected by grazing). We hypothesized that each grazing component (selective defoliation, trampling and urine deposition) would differentially affect mycorrhizal colonization, and this could explain the high variability in AM responses. Our objective was to assess the effect of trampling, selective defoliation and nitrogen (N) addition on AM colonization of one of the most important grasses in Río de la Plata grasslands: Paspalum dilatatum. Grazing components were simulated in a manipulative experiment where we evaluated their individual and combined effects on total AM colonization and the occurrence of different fungal structures (arbuscules, coils and vesicles). No grazing component affected total AM colonization and arbuscules, while other fungi structures were affected by different treatments. Coil colonization (one of the nutrient interchange structures between the symbionts) was positively affected by selective defoliation and it was negatively affected by N addition; these structures were also affected by the combined effect between selectivity x trampling and by trampling x N addition. Vesicle colonization was negatively affected by trampling, maybe because of mechanical damage to roots and to extraradical mycelium caused by this disturb. The study of the individual grazing components showed that each one caused different effects on mycorrhizal interaction and their relative influence could affect the overall grazing effect on this interaction.https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.19.29.2.0.802 |
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Asociación Argentina de Ecología |
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2019 |
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https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/802 |
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rev-ecoaus-article-8022023-11-02T19:18:04Z Grazing components differentially affect mycorrhizas in Paspalum ditatatum Poir. Los componentes del pastoreo afectan de forma diferencial las micorrizas en Paspalum dilatatum Poir. García, Silvina Pezzani, Fabiana Lezama, Felipe Paruelo, José M. Grazing by large herbivores represents an important disturbance in natural grasslands, affecting its structure and function. Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are cosmopolitan interactions in these ecosystems, particularly in grasses, main constituent of this ecosystem. Mycorrhizas show contradictory responses to grazing (AM colonization has been positively, negatively and not affected by grazing). We hypothesized that each grazing component (selective defoliation, trampling and urine deposition) would differentially affect mycorrhizal colonization, and this could explain the high variability in AM responses. Our objective was to assess the effect of trampling, selective defoliation and nitrogen (N) addition on AM colonization of one of the most important grasses in Río de la Plata grasslands: Paspalum dilatatum. Grazing components were simulated in a manipulative experiment where we evaluated their individual and combined effects on total AM colonization and the occurrence of different fungal structures (arbuscules, coils and vesicles). No grazing component affected total AM colonization and arbuscules, while other fungi structures were affected by different treatments. Coil colonization (one of the nutrient interchange structures between the symbionts) was positively affected by selective defoliation and it was negatively affected by N addition; these structures were also affected by the combined effect between selectivity x trampling and by trampling x N addition. Vesicle colonization was negatively affected by trampling, maybe because of mechanical damage to roots and to extraradical mycelium caused by this disturb. The study of the individual grazing components showed that each one caused different effects on mycorrhizal interaction and their relative influence could affect the overall grazing effect on this interaction.https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.19.29.2.0.802 El pastoreo es una perturbación importante en los ecosistemas de pastizales, ya que altera su estructura y su funcionamiento. Las micorrizas arbusculares son interacciones cosmopolitas de estos ecosistemas, y se destacan por su incidencia elevada en las gramíneas. Las micorrizas muestran respuestas diversas y contradictorias al pastoreo (ser beneficiadas, perjudicadas o no ser afectadas). Una posible hipótesis es que cada componente del pastoreo (defoliación selectiva, deyecciones y pisoteo) diferiría en su importancia relativa al afectar la micorrización. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del pisoteo, la selectividad y la deposición de orina sobre las micorrizas de Paspalum dilatatum, una de las principales gramíneas nativas de los pastizales del Río de la Plata. En un experimento manipulativo en el que se simularon los distintos componentes del pastoreo se evaluó el efecto de cada componente de forma aislada y en interacción sobre la colonización micorrícica total, así como de las diferentes estructuras fúngicas (arbúsculos, ovillos y vesículas). La colonización micorrícica total y por arbúsculos no fueron afectadas por ninguno de los componentes del pastoreo, mientras que sí se observaron efectos sobre las demás estructuras fúngicas. La colonización por ovillos (una de las estructuras que participan en el intercambio con el hospedante) fue afectada de forma positiva por la selectividad y negativa por el agregado de nitrógeno (simulando la deposición de orina); estas estructuras también fueron afectadas por las interacciones selectividad x pisoteo y pisoteo x agregado de N. El pisoteo afectó negativamente la presencia de vesículas, lo que podría deberse, en parte, al daño mecánico que esta perturbación causa tanto sobre las raíces como sobre el micelio extra-radical. El estudio de los componentes del pastoreo de manera aislada mostró que cada uno ejerce efectos diferentes sobre las micorrizas, y su importancia relativa podría afectar el resultado global del pastoreo sobre esta interacción.https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.19.29.2.0.802 Asociación Argentina de Ecología 2019-04-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Articles Artículos application/pdf https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/802 10.25260/EA.19.29.2.0.802 Ecología Austral; Vol. 29 No. 2 (2019): August 2019. Pages 164-284; 164-173 Ecología Austral; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2019): August 2019. Pages 164-284; 164-173 1667-782X 0327-5477 spa https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/802/382 Derechos de autor 2019 Silvina García, Fabiana Pezzani, Felipe Lezama, José M. Paruelo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |