Generation of energy from the biogas generated in landfills in Brazil: Potential, legal frameworks, incentives and projects

The generation of domestic solid wastes in Brazil was estimated at approximately 128,000 tons/day in 2000, of which 60% was made up of organic matter. The anaerobic decomposition of this fraction generates biogas, whose energy recovery is entitled to receive “Carbon Credits” through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), under the Kyoto Protocol. Estimates of the potential of power generation from sanitary landfill biogas vary from 440 to1480 MW. This article discusses the effectiveness of incentive policies and instruments to generate power from this source through bibliographic and documental research. Research of documents on the Ministry of Science and Technology website verified that out of a total of 161 projects approved by the Brazilian Designated National Agency (DNA), 22 of which are related to sanitary landfills, and only eight of them include energy generation in their scope, but one of them dismisses this possibility due to the low return on the investment. The remaining projects include only the collection of biogas or its improvement through controlled combustion. The research identified some recent laws and public funds that encourage biogas generation from biomass, either in isolated systems or in systems interconnected to the national electric grid. It was noticed, however, that they are not effective for this energy source. An effective instrument is the CDM, but it has been mostly used for methane combustion rather than the energy use because it is not economically attractive due to the additional investment for power generation. The research concludes that there is a need for incentive policies focused on the energy use of USW, financing of research, pilot projects and nationalization of equipment. These policies should determine the obligation of purchasing and establish different prices for this renewable energy, taking into consideration the environmental and social benefits involved.

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Main Authors: Cassia Rodrigues, Angela, Martins, Gilberto
Format: Digital revista
Language:spa
Published: Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 2009
Online Access:https://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/aidis/article/view/14473
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institution UNAM MX
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country México
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databasecode rev-aidis-mx
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libraryname Biblioteca de Instituto de Ingeniería de la UNAM de México
language spa
format Digital
author Cassia Rodrigues, Angela
Martins, Gilberto
spellingShingle Cassia Rodrigues, Angela
Martins, Gilberto
Generation of energy from the biogas generated in landfills in Brazil: Potential, legal frameworks, incentives and projects
author_facet Cassia Rodrigues, Angela
Martins, Gilberto
author_sort Cassia Rodrigues, Angela
title Generation of energy from the biogas generated in landfills in Brazil: Potential, legal frameworks, incentives and projects
title_short Generation of energy from the biogas generated in landfills in Brazil: Potential, legal frameworks, incentives and projects
title_full Generation of energy from the biogas generated in landfills in Brazil: Potential, legal frameworks, incentives and projects
title_fullStr Generation of energy from the biogas generated in landfills in Brazil: Potential, legal frameworks, incentives and projects
title_full_unstemmed Generation of energy from the biogas generated in landfills in Brazil: Potential, legal frameworks, incentives and projects
title_sort generation of energy from the biogas generated in landfills in brazil: potential, legal frameworks, incentives and projects
description The generation of domestic solid wastes in Brazil was estimated at approximately 128,000 tons/day in 2000, of which 60% was made up of organic matter. The anaerobic decomposition of this fraction generates biogas, whose energy recovery is entitled to receive “Carbon Credits” through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), under the Kyoto Protocol. Estimates of the potential of power generation from sanitary landfill biogas vary from 440 to1480 MW. This article discusses the effectiveness of incentive policies and instruments to generate power from this source through bibliographic and documental research. Research of documents on the Ministry of Science and Technology website verified that out of a total of 161 projects approved by the Brazilian Designated National Agency (DNA), 22 of which are related to sanitary landfills, and only eight of them include energy generation in their scope, but one of them dismisses this possibility due to the low return on the investment. The remaining projects include only the collection of biogas or its improvement through controlled combustion. The research identified some recent laws and public funds that encourage biogas generation from biomass, either in isolated systems or in systems interconnected to the national electric grid. It was noticed, however, that they are not effective for this energy source. An effective instrument is the CDM, but it has been mostly used for methane combustion rather than the energy use because it is not economically attractive due to the additional investment for power generation. The research concludes that there is a need for incentive policies focused on the energy use of USW, financing of research, pilot projects and nationalization of equipment. These policies should determine the obligation of purchasing and establish different prices for this renewable energy, taking into consideration the environmental and social benefits involved.
publisher Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
publishDate 2009
url https://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/aidis/article/view/14473
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spelling rev-aidis-mx-article-144732022-11-11T18:30:20Z Generation of energy from the biogas generated in landfills in Brazil: Potential, legal frameworks, incentives and projects Geração de energia a partir de biogás de aterros sanitários no Brasil: potencial, marcos legais, incentivos e projetos Geração de energia a partir de biogás de aterros sanitários no Brasil: potencial, marcos legais, incentivos e projetos Geração de energia a partir de biogás de aterros sanitários no Brasil: potencial, marcos legais, incentivos e projetos Cassia Rodrigues, Angela Martins, Gilberto Urban Solid Wastes Energy Recovery Biogas Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos Recuperação Energética Biogás Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) The generation of domestic solid wastes in Brazil was estimated at approximately 128,000 tons/day in 2000, of which 60% was made up of organic matter. The anaerobic decomposition of this fraction generates biogas, whose energy recovery is entitled to receive “Carbon Credits” through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), under the Kyoto Protocol. Estimates of the potential of power generation from sanitary landfill biogas vary from 440 to1480 MW. This article discusses the effectiveness of incentive policies and instruments to generate power from this source through bibliographic and documental research. Research of documents on the Ministry of Science and Technology website verified that out of a total of 161 projects approved by the Brazilian Designated National Agency (DNA), 22 of which are related to sanitary landfills, and only eight of them include energy generation in their scope, but one of them dismisses this possibility due to the low return on the investment. The remaining projects include only the collection of biogas or its improvement through controlled combustion. The research identified some recent laws and public funds that encourage biogas generation from biomass, either in isolated systems or in systems interconnected to the national electric grid. It was noticed, however, that they are not effective for this energy source. An effective instrument is the CDM, but it has been mostly used for methane combustion rather than the energy use because it is not economically attractive due to the additional investment for power generation. The research concludes that there is a need for incentive policies focused on the energy use of USW, financing of research, pilot projects and nationalization of equipment. These policies should determine the obligation of purchasing and establish different prices for this renewable energy, taking into consideration the environmental and social benefits involved. A geração de resíduos sólidos de origem domiciliar no Brasil era estimada em cerca de 128.000 toneladas/dia em 2000, com uma fração de cerca de 60% de orgânicos.  A decomposição anaeróbia desta fração gera o biogás, cuja recuperação energética  é passível  de obtenção de "Créditos de Carbono" através do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) no âmbito do Tratado de Kyoto. As estimativas do potencial de geração de eletricidade a partir do biogás de aterros sanitários no Brasil variam de 440 a 1480 MW. Este artigo discute a efetividade de políticas e instrumentos de incentivo para a geração de energia a partir dessa fonte através de 2 pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A pesquisa documental no sitio do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia verificou que do total de 161 projetos aprovados pela Agência Nacional Designada (AND) brasileira, 22 estão relacionados a aterros sanitários e destes somente 8 (oito) tem em seu escopo a geração de energia, sendo que um deles descarta esta possibilidade em função do baixo retorno de investimento previsto. Os demais prevêem somente a captura do biogás ou melhoria desta, com a queima controlada. Constatou-se a existência de algumas leis recentes, assim como fundos públicos que incentivam a geração a partir de biomassa, seja em sistemas isolados ou interligados no sistema elétrico nacional, entretanto, observou-se que não têm sido efetivas para  essa fonte energética.  O instrumento que tem se mostrado efetivo  é o MDL. porém, esse instrumento tem sido mais utilizado para a queima do metano do que para seu aproveitamento energético, em função da baixa atratividade econômica do investimento adicional para geração de eletricidade. Conclui-se que é necessária a formulação de políticas direcionadas ao incentivo do uso energético dos RSU, financiamento a pesquisas, projetos piloto  e nacionalização de equipamentos. Essas políticas devem também prever a obrigatoriedade de compra e o estabelecimento de preço diferenciado para essa energia renovável, levando em consideração os benefícios ambientais e sociais envolvidos.  PALAVRAS-CHAVE Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos; Recuperação Energética; Biogás; Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) A geração de resíduos sólidos de origem domiciliar no Brasil era estimada em cerca de 128.000 toneladas/dia em 2000, com uma fração de cerca de 60% de orgânicos. A decomposição anaeróbia desta fração gera o biogás, cuja recuperação energética é passível de obtenção de “Créditos de Carbono” através do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) no âmbito do Tratado de Kyoto. As estimativas do potencial de geração de eletricidade a partir do biogás de aterros sanitários no Brasil variam de 440 a 1480 MW. Este artigo discute a efetividade de políticas e instrumentos de incentivo para a geração de energia a partir dessa fonte através de 2 pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A pesquisa documental no sitio do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia verificou que do total de 161 projetos aprovados pela Agência Nacional Designada (AND) brasileira, 22 estão relacionados a aterros sanitários e destes somente 8 (oito) tem em seu escopo a geração de energia, sendo que um deles descarta esta possibilidade em função do baixo retorno de investimento previsto. Os demais prevêem somente a captura do biogás ou melhoria desta, com a queima controlada. Constatou-se a existência de algumas leis recentes, assim como fundos públicos que incentivam a geração a partir de biomassa, seja em sistemas isolados ou interligados no sistema elétrico nacional, entretanto, observou-se que não têm sido efetivas para essa fonte energética. O instrumento que tem se mostrado efetivo é o MDL. porém, esse instrumento tem sido mais utilizado para a queima do metano do que para seu aproveitamento energético, em função da baixa atratividade econômica do investimento adicional para geração de eletricidade. Conclui-se que é necessária a formulação de políticas direcionadas ao incentivo do uso energético dos RSU, financiamento a pesquisas, projetos piloto e nacionalização de equipamentos. Essas políticas devem também prever a obrigatoriedade de compra e o estabelecimento de preço diferenciado para essa energia renovável, levando em consideração os benefícios ambientais e sociais envolvidos. Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 2009-11-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/aidis/article/view/14473 Revista AIDIS de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales. Investigación, desarrollo y práctica; Vol. 1, No. 4, 2008 Revista AIDIS de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales. Investigación, desarrollo y práctica; Vol. 1, No. 4, 2008 Revista AIDIS de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales. Investigación, desarrollo y práctica; Vol. 1, No. 4, 2008 0718-378X spa https://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/aidis/article/view/14473/13805