Second hand tobacco smoke adversely affects the bone of immature rats

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of secondhand cigarette smoke exposure on longitudinal growth of the tibia of growing rats and some parameters of bone quality. METHODS: Forty female rats were randomly divided into four groups: control: rats were sham exposed; 30 days: rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 30 days; 45 days: rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 45 days; and 60 days: rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 60 days. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the levels of cotinine and alkaline phosphatase. Both tibias were dissected and weighed; the lengths were measured, and the bones were then stored in a freezer for analysis of bone mineral content and mechanical resistance (maximal load and stiffness). RESULTS: Exposure of rats to tobacco smoke significantly compromised bone health, suggesting that the harmful effects may be time dependent. Harmful effects on bone growth were detected and were more pronounced at 60-day follow-ups with a 41.8% reduction in alkaline phosphatase levels (p<0.01) and a decrease of 11.25% in tibia length (p<0.001). Furthermore, a 41.5% decrease in bone mineral density was observed (p<0.001), leading to a 42.8% reduction in maximum strength (p<0.001) and a 56.7% reduction in stiffness (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Second hand cigarette smoke exposure in rats affected bones that were weaker, deforming them and making them osteopenic. Additionally, the long bone was shorter, suggesting interference with growth. Such events seem to be related to time of exposure.

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Main Authors: Rosa,Rodrigo César, Pereira,Sângela Cunha, Cardoso,Fabrizio Antônio Gomide, Caetano,Abadio Gonçalves, Santiago,Hildemberg Agostinho Rocha de, Volpon,José Batista
Format: Digital revista
Language:English
Published: Faculdade de Medicina / USP 2017
Online Access:http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1807-59322017001200785
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spelling oai:scielo:S1807-593220170012007852018-01-04Second hand tobacco smoke adversely affects the bone of immature ratsRosa,Rodrigo CésarPereira,Sângela CunhaCardoso,Fabrizio Antônio GomideCaetano,Abadio GonçalvesSantiago,Hildemberg Agostinho Rocha deVolpon,José Batista Smoking Bone Development Bone Density Tibia Rats OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of secondhand cigarette smoke exposure on longitudinal growth of the tibia of growing rats and some parameters of bone quality. METHODS: Forty female rats were randomly divided into four groups: control: rats were sham exposed; 30 days: rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 30 days; 45 days: rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 45 days; and 60 days: rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 60 days. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the levels of cotinine and alkaline phosphatase. Both tibias were dissected and weighed; the lengths were measured, and the bones were then stored in a freezer for analysis of bone mineral content and mechanical resistance (maximal load and stiffness). RESULTS: Exposure of rats to tobacco smoke significantly compromised bone health, suggesting that the harmful effects may be time dependent. Harmful effects on bone growth were detected and were more pronounced at 60-day follow-ups with a 41.8% reduction in alkaline phosphatase levels (p<0.01) and a decrease of 11.25% in tibia length (p<0.001). Furthermore, a 41.5% decrease in bone mineral density was observed (p<0.001), leading to a 42.8% reduction in maximum strength (p<0.001) and a 56.7% reduction in stiffness (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Second hand cigarette smoke exposure in rats affected bones that were weaker, deforming them and making them osteopenic. Additionally, the long bone was shorter, suggesting interference with growth. Such events seem to be related to time of exposure.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessFaculdade de Medicina / USPClinics v.72 n.12 20172017-12-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articletext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1807-59322017001200785en10.6061/clinics/2017(12)11
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libraryname SciELO
language English
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author Rosa,Rodrigo César
Pereira,Sângela Cunha
Cardoso,Fabrizio Antônio Gomide
Caetano,Abadio Gonçalves
Santiago,Hildemberg Agostinho Rocha de
Volpon,José Batista
spellingShingle Rosa,Rodrigo César
Pereira,Sângela Cunha
Cardoso,Fabrizio Antônio Gomide
Caetano,Abadio Gonçalves
Santiago,Hildemberg Agostinho Rocha de
Volpon,José Batista
Second hand tobacco smoke adversely affects the bone of immature rats
author_facet Rosa,Rodrigo César
Pereira,Sângela Cunha
Cardoso,Fabrizio Antônio Gomide
Caetano,Abadio Gonçalves
Santiago,Hildemberg Agostinho Rocha de
Volpon,José Batista
author_sort Rosa,Rodrigo César
title Second hand tobacco smoke adversely affects the bone of immature rats
title_short Second hand tobacco smoke adversely affects the bone of immature rats
title_full Second hand tobacco smoke adversely affects the bone of immature rats
title_fullStr Second hand tobacco smoke adversely affects the bone of immature rats
title_full_unstemmed Second hand tobacco smoke adversely affects the bone of immature rats
title_sort second hand tobacco smoke adversely affects the bone of immature rats
description OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of secondhand cigarette smoke exposure on longitudinal growth of the tibia of growing rats and some parameters of bone quality. METHODS: Forty female rats were randomly divided into four groups: control: rats were sham exposed; 30 days: rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 30 days; 45 days: rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 45 days; and 60 days: rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 60 days. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the levels of cotinine and alkaline phosphatase. Both tibias were dissected and weighed; the lengths were measured, and the bones were then stored in a freezer for analysis of bone mineral content and mechanical resistance (maximal load and stiffness). RESULTS: Exposure of rats to tobacco smoke significantly compromised bone health, suggesting that the harmful effects may be time dependent. Harmful effects on bone growth were detected and were more pronounced at 60-day follow-ups with a 41.8% reduction in alkaline phosphatase levels (p<0.01) and a decrease of 11.25% in tibia length (p<0.001). Furthermore, a 41.5% decrease in bone mineral density was observed (p<0.001), leading to a 42.8% reduction in maximum strength (p<0.001) and a 56.7% reduction in stiffness (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Second hand cigarette smoke exposure in rats affected bones that were weaker, deforming them and making them osteopenic. Additionally, the long bone was shorter, suggesting interference with growth. Such events seem to be related to time of exposure.
publisher Faculdade de Medicina / USP
publishDate 2017
url http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1807-59322017001200785
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