Optimization of crude protein in diets for Nile tilapia reared in net pens: performance, hematology, and water quality

ABSTRACT: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary crude protein (CP), based on the ideal protein concept for Nile tilapia reared in net pens. The experimental (isocaloric, isocalcium, and isophosphoric) diets were formulated to contain 270, 300, 330, and 360g kg-1 CP. In experiment 1, 4320 Nile tilapia (13.5±0.82g) were used to evaluate the performance and hematological parameters. The experimental design was completely randomized and the fish were distributed in 24 net pens (1.0m3), with four diets, six replicates, and 180 fishes per experimental unit. In experiment 2, 40 Nile tilapia (22.5±0.56g) were used to evaluate the ammonia excretion. Fish were distributed in 40 aquaria (3.0L), with one fish per aquarium (n=10). No protein reduction effect was observed in feed intake and the hematocrit and hemoglobin values. Regarding the statistic models used in the present study, difference was observed between CP values. The optimal level estimated by the quadratic equation first interception with the linear response plateau (LRP) as a response to CP changes in the diet was determined for weight gain (324.3g kg-1) and feed conversion (317.8g kg-1). After reduction in the CP levels, a linear reduction was observed in the ammonia excretion in water. Based on the ideal protein concept for Nile tilapia reared in net pens, reducing the CP levels in the diets is possible, without change in the performance and hematological parameters, and with a reduction in the levels of ammonia excretion in water, since amino acids are supplemented.