Non-compliance nutritional content of imported pet food in Costa Rica
Introduction. The regulations that govern balanced pet food ensure the welfare of pets, public health, and consumer safety, making it valuable to verify the nutritional content declared on labels. Objective. To determine the compliance of the guaranteed analysis of 34 imported foods for dogs, cats, hamsters, rabbits, ornamental fish, and turtles and compare the results with the nutritional recommendations found in the literature. Materials and methods. During the months of August and December of 2018, food samples of dog (10), cat (10), ornamental fish (5), turtles (4), hamster (3), and rabbits (2) food were obtained by direct purchase at different points of sale in San José, Costa Rica. The content of moisture, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), calcium, phosphorus, salt, and carbohydrates were analyzed. The average content, standard deviation, maximum and minimum value of each nutrient in each group of food were calculated according to the animal species. The individual and average values obtained were compared with the values declared on the label and the nutritional recommendations found in the literature. Results. The nutrients that presented non-compliances were: salt (27), calcium (16), and energy (14). Additionally, it was found that some foods did not declare the content of salt (14), calcium (9), and phosphorus (7). With respect to the minimum nutritional requirements, twenty-two samples presented deficiencies or excesses in at least one nutriment [carbohydrates (11) and ether extract (7)]. Conclusions. Imported balanced foods for dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, turtles, and ornamental fish presented non-compliances in the guaranteed content of CP, EE, CF, ME, Ca, P, and salt declared on the label. The nutritional composition of the evaluated foods limits compliance with the nutritional requirements of the animals, except for rabbits that do comply with the requirements.
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Universidad de Costa Rica
2023
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Cedeño-López, André WingChing-Jones, Rodolfo |
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Cedeño-López, André WingChing-Jones, Rodolfo Non-compliance nutritional content of imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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Cedeño-López, André WingChing-Jones, Rodolfo |
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Cedeño-López, André |
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Non-compliance nutritional content of imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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Non-compliance nutritional content of imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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Non-compliance nutritional content of imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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Non-compliance nutritional content of imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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Non-compliance nutritional content of imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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non-compliance nutritional content of imported pet food in costa rica |
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Introduction. The regulations that govern balanced pet food ensure the welfare of pets, public health, and consumer safety, making it valuable to verify the nutritional content declared on labels. Objective. To determine the compliance of the guaranteed analysis of 34 imported foods for dogs, cats, hamsters, rabbits, ornamental fish, and turtles and compare the results with the nutritional recommendations found in the literature. Materials and methods. During the months of August and December of 2018, food samples of dog (10), cat (10), ornamental fish (5), turtles (4), hamster (3), and rabbits (2) food were obtained by direct purchase at different points of sale in San José, Costa Rica. The content of moisture, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), calcium, phosphorus, salt, and carbohydrates were analyzed. The average content, standard deviation, maximum and minimum value of each nutrient in each group of food were calculated according to the animal species. The individual and average values obtained were compared with the values declared on the label and the nutritional recommendations found in the literature. Results. The nutrients that presented non-compliances were: salt (27), calcium (16), and energy (14). Additionally, it was found that some foods did not declare the content of salt (14), calcium (9), and phosphorus (7). With respect to the minimum nutritional requirements, twenty-two samples presented deficiencies or excesses in at least one nutriment [carbohydrates (11) and ether extract (7)]. Conclusions. Imported balanced foods for dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, turtles, and ornamental fish presented non-compliances in the guaranteed content of CP, EE, CF, ME, Ca, P, and salt declared on the label. The nutritional composition of the evaluated foods limits compliance with the nutritional requirements of the animals, except for rabbits that do comply with the requirements. |
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oai:portal.ucr.ac.cr:article525442023-12-13T20:00:02Z Non-compliance nutritional content of imported pet food in Costa Rica Incumplimiento en el contenido nutricional de alimentos importados para mascotas en Costa Rica Cedeño-López, André WingChing-Jones, Rodolfo pet animals animal nutrition crude protein quality assurance dogs animales de compañía nutrición animal preteína cruda garantía de calidad perros Introduction. The regulations that govern balanced pet food ensure the welfare of pets, public health, and consumer safety, making it valuable to verify the nutritional content declared on labels. Objective. To determine the compliance of the guaranteed analysis of 34 imported foods for dogs, cats, hamsters, rabbits, ornamental fish, and turtles and compare the results with the nutritional recommendations found in the literature. Materials and methods. During the months of August and December of 2018, food samples of dog (10), cat (10), ornamental fish (5), turtles (4), hamster (3), and rabbits (2) food were obtained by direct purchase at different points of sale in San José, Costa Rica. The content of moisture, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), calcium, phosphorus, salt, and carbohydrates were analyzed. The average content, standard deviation, maximum and minimum value of each nutrient in each group of food were calculated according to the animal species. The individual and average values obtained were compared with the values declared on the label and the nutritional recommendations found in the literature. Results. The nutrients that presented non-compliances were: salt (27), calcium (16), and energy (14). Additionally, it was found that some foods did not declare the content of salt (14), calcium (9), and phosphorus (7). With respect to the minimum nutritional requirements, twenty-two samples presented deficiencies or excesses in at least one nutriment [carbohydrates (11) and ether extract (7)]. Conclusions. Imported balanced foods for dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, turtles, and ornamental fish presented non-compliances in the guaranteed content of CP, EE, CF, ME, Ca, P, and salt declared on the label. The nutritional composition of the evaluated foods limits compliance with the nutritional requirements of the animals, except for rabbits that do comply with the requirements. Introducción. La normativa que regula los alimentos balanceados asegura el bienestar de las mascotas, la salud pública y la seguridad al consumidor, por lo que es valioso corroborar el contenido de los nutrimentos declarados en las etiquetas. Objetivo. Determinar el cumplimiento del análisis de garantía de 34 alimentos importados para perros, gatos, hámsters, conejos, peces ornamentales y tortugas, y comparar los resultados con las recomendaciones nutricionales encontradas en la literatura. Materiales y métodos. Durante los meses de agosto y diciembre del año 2018, se obtuvieron muestras de alimento de perros (10), gatos (10), peces ornamentales (5), tortugas (4), hámster (3) y conejos (2); mediante compra directa en diferentes puntos de venta en San José, Costa Rica. Se analizó el contenido de humedad, proteína cruda (PC), extracto etéreo (EE), fibra cruda (FC), calcio, fósforo, sal y carbohidratos. Se calculó el contenido promedio, la desviación estándar, el valor máximo y mínimo de cada nutrimento en cada grupo de alimento, según la especie animal. Los valores individuales y promedios obtenidos se compararon con los valores declarados en la etiqueta y las recomendaciones nutricionales encontradas en la literatura. Resultados. Los nutrimentos que presentaron incumplimientos fueron: sal (27), calcio (16) y energía (14). Además, se encontró que alimentos no declaraban el contenido de sal (14), calcio (9) y fósforo (7). Con respecto a los requerimientos mínimos nutricionales, veintidós alimentos presentaron deficiencias o excesos en al menos un nutrimento [carbohidratos (11) y extracto etéreo (7)]. Conclusiones. Los alimentos balanceados importados para perros, gatos, conejos, hámster, tortugas y peces ornamentales presentaron incumplimientos en los contenidos de PC, EE, FC, EM, Ca, P y sal garantizados en la etiqueta. La composición nutricional de los alimentos evaluados limita el cumplimiento de requerimientos nutricionales de los animales, excepto para conejos que sí se cumple con los requerimientos. Universidad de Costa Rica 2023-05-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Article text texto text/xml application/pdf application/epub+zip text/html audio/mpeg audio/mpeg https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/52544 10.15517/am.2023.52544 Agronomía Mesoamericana; 2023: Agronomia Mesoamericana: Vol. 34, Issue 3 (September-December) ; 52544 Agronomía Mesoamericana; 2023: Agronomía Mesoamericana: Vol. 34, Nº 3 (septiembre-diciembre) ; 52544 Agronomía Mesoamericana; 2023: Agronomia Mesoamericana: Vol. 34, Issue 3 (September-December) ; 52544 2215-3608 1021-7444 spa eng https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/52544/55956 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/52544/55957 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/52544/55958 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/52544/55959 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/52544/55960 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/52544/55961 Copyright (c) 2023 André Cedeño-López, Rodolfo WingChing-Jones https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 |