PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN LIVING WALL TERRACES IN THE SEMIHUMID TROPICS OF MEXICO

PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN LIVING WALL TERRACES IN THE SEMIHUMID TROPICS OF MEXICO

Since 1988, a permanent experiment has been installed on unirrigated, eroded hillsides, with 14.5 % slope. The purpose of this experiment was to restore productivity and improve and stabilize the yield of a double cropped corn (Zea mays L.). Terraces were formed by: a) establishing two types of live hedgerows, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala at 0.75 and 1.00 m vertical difference of level, b) the installation of a filter for sediment at the base of the trees, c) the removal of soil by reversible plowing either by mechanical traction or by animals, and d) the local erosion within each terrace. The corn crops received the same agronomic management in each treatment, including the control, where no terraces were established. After five years (1991 to 1995) of research it was found that the average yield of corn on the terraced fields, where animal traction had been used, surpassed that of the control test field, by 815 kg ha-1 during the fall-winter growing season, when the moisture was limited; whereas during the springsummer season, when there was excessive moisture, the control test field yielded 290 kg ha-1 more. The difference, then, for the total annual production was 525 kg ha-1 in favor of the terraced fields. The favorable effect of the terraces on corn productivity was more pronounced on the higher sections of the hillside, where there were an increase of 815 kg ha-1 during the fall-winter growing season and 355 kg ha-1 during the spring-summer season, with an increase of 1170 kg ha-1 for the total annual yield. On the other hand, on the lower sections of the hillside, the terraced fields surpassed the control test field by 810 kg ha-1 of corn in the fall-winter season, but they yielded 955 kg ha-1 less in the spring-summer season. The results indicate that the terraces with live hedgerows played a major role in increasing the productivity of the hillsides and improving the stability of the annual yield of the double corn crops. Nevertheless, adequate terrace management is required. This must be consistent with the moisture of the soil, as well as with the development of crop patterns adaptable to the variable conditions of moisture found on the hillsides.

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Main Authors: Uribe-Gómez, Sergio, Turrent-Fernández, Antonio, Francisco-Nicolás, Néstor, Camacho-Castro, René
Format: Digital revista
Language:spa
Published: Colegio de Postgraduados 1998
Online Access:https://www.agrociencia-colpos.org/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/1560
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id oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article1560
record_format ojs
institution COLPOS
collection OJS
country México
countrycode MX
component Revista
access En linea
databasecode rev-agrociencia-mx
tag revista
region America del Norte
libraryname Departamento de documentación y biblioteca de COLPOS
language spa
format Digital
author Uribe-Gómez, Sergio
Turrent-Fernández, Antonio
Francisco-Nicolás, Néstor
Camacho-Castro, René
spellingShingle Uribe-Gómez, Sergio
Turrent-Fernández, Antonio
Francisco-Nicolás, Néstor
Camacho-Castro, René
PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN LIVING WALL TERRACES IN THE SEMIHUMID TROPICS OF MEXICO
author_facet Uribe-Gómez, Sergio
Turrent-Fernández, Antonio
Francisco-Nicolás, Néstor
Camacho-Castro, René
author_sort Uribe-Gómez, Sergio
title PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN LIVING WALL TERRACES IN THE SEMIHUMID TROPICS OF MEXICO
title_short PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN LIVING WALL TERRACES IN THE SEMIHUMID TROPICS OF MEXICO
title_full PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN LIVING WALL TERRACES IN THE SEMIHUMID TROPICS OF MEXICO
title_fullStr PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN LIVING WALL TERRACES IN THE SEMIHUMID TROPICS OF MEXICO
title_full_unstemmed PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN LIVING WALL TERRACES IN THE SEMIHUMID TROPICS OF MEXICO
title_sort productivity and stability of maize grain yield in living wall terraces in the semihumid tropics of mexico
description Since 1988, a permanent experiment has been installed on unirrigated, eroded hillsides, with 14.5 % slope. The purpose of this experiment was to restore productivity and improve and stabilize the yield of a double cropped corn (Zea mays L.). Terraces were formed by: a) establishing two types of live hedgerows, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala at 0.75 and 1.00 m vertical difference of level, b) the installation of a filter for sediment at the base of the trees, c) the removal of soil by reversible plowing either by mechanical traction or by animals, and d) the local erosion within each terrace. The corn crops received the same agronomic management in each treatment, including the control, where no terraces were established. After five years (1991 to 1995) of research it was found that the average yield of corn on the terraced fields, where animal traction had been used, surpassed that of the control test field, by 815 kg ha-1 during the fall-winter growing season, when the moisture was limited; whereas during the springsummer season, when there was excessive moisture, the control test field yielded 290 kg ha-1 more. The difference, then, for the total annual production was 525 kg ha-1 in favor of the terraced fields. The favorable effect of the terraces on corn productivity was more pronounced on the higher sections of the hillside, where there were an increase of 815 kg ha-1 during the fall-winter growing season and 355 kg ha-1 during the spring-summer season, with an increase of 1170 kg ha-1 for the total annual yield. On the other hand, on the lower sections of the hillside, the terraced fields surpassed the control test field by 810 kg ha-1 of corn in the fall-winter season, but they yielded 955 kg ha-1 less in the spring-summer season. The results indicate that the terraces with live hedgerows played a major role in increasing the productivity of the hillsides and improving the stability of the annual yield of the double corn crops. Nevertheless, adequate terrace management is required. This must be consistent with the moisture of the soil, as well as with the development of crop patterns adaptable to the variable conditions of moisture found on the hillsides.
publisher Colegio de Postgraduados
publishDate 1998
url https://www.agrociencia-colpos.org/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/1560
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spelling oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article15602020-05-14T06:12:00Z PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN LIVING WALL TERRACES IN THE SEMIHUMID TROPICS OF MEXICO PRODUCTIVIDAD Y ESTABILIDAD DEL RENDIMIENTO DE MAIZ EN TERRAZAS DE MURO VIVO EN EL TROPICO SUBHUMEDO DE MEXICO Uribe-Gómez, Sergio Turrent-Fernández, Antonio Francisco-Nicolás, Néstor Camacho-Castro, René Zea mays Gliricidia sepium Leucaena leucocephala yield sustainability tropics Zea mays Gliricidia sepium Leucaena leucocephala rendimiento sostenible trópico Since 1988, a permanent experiment has been installed on unirrigated, eroded hillsides, with 14.5 % slope. The purpose of this experiment was to restore productivity and improve and stabilize the yield of a double cropped corn (Zea mays L.). Terraces were formed by: a) establishing two types of live hedgerows, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala at 0.75 and 1.00 m vertical difference of level, b) the installation of a filter for sediment at the base of the trees, c) the removal of soil by reversible plowing either by mechanical traction or by animals, and d) the local erosion within each terrace. The corn crops received the same agronomic management in each treatment, including the control, where no terraces were established. After five years (1991 to 1995) of research it was found that the average yield of corn on the terraced fields, where animal traction had been used, surpassed that of the control test field, by 815 kg ha-1 during the fall-winter growing season, when the moisture was limited; whereas during the springsummer season, when there was excessive moisture, the control test field yielded 290 kg ha-1 more. The difference, then, for the total annual production was 525 kg ha-1 in favor of the terraced fields. The favorable effect of the terraces on corn productivity was more pronounced on the higher sections of the hillside, where there were an increase of 815 kg ha-1 during the fall-winter growing season and 355 kg ha-1 during the spring-summer season, with an increase of 1170 kg ha-1 for the total annual yield. On the other hand, on the lower sections of the hillside, the terraced fields surpassed the control test field by 810 kg ha-1 of corn in the fall-winter season, but they yielded 955 kg ha-1 less in the spring-summer season. The results indicate that the terraces with live hedgerows played a major role in increasing the productivity of the hillsides and improving the stability of the annual yield of the double corn crops. Nevertheless, adequate terrace management is required. This must be consistent with the moisture of the soil, as well as with the development of crop patterns adaptable to the variable conditions of moisture found on the hillsides. Desde 1988 se instaló, en condiciones de secano, un experimento permanente en un suelo de ladera, con 14.5 % de pendiente y erosionado, con el propósito de restaurar la productividad y mejorar la estabilidad del rendimiento del cultivo doble de maíz (Zea mays L.) en suelos de ladera. Se formaron terrazas mediante el establecimiento de setos de Gliricidia sepium y Leucaena leucocephala a 0.75 y 1.00 m de desnivel, la instalación de un filtro de sedimentos en la base de los árboles, la remoción del suelo con arado reversible de tracción mecánica y animal, y la erosión local registrada dentro de cada terraza. El maíz recibió el mismo manejo agronómico en todos los tratamientos, incluyendo el testigo, en el cual no se establecieron terrazas. Después de cinco años (1991 a 1995) de investigación se encontró que el rendimiento medio de maíz de los tratamientos con terrazas a 0.75 y 1.00 m y tracción animal superó al del testigo en 815 kg ha-1 en el ciclo otoño-invierno, cuando las condiciones de humedad fueron restrictivas; mientras que en el ciclo primavera-verano, cuando los excesos de humedad fueron frecuentes, el testigo rindió 290 kg ha-1 más, y en la producción total anual, la diferencia fue de 525 kg ha-1 a favor de las terrazas. El efecto favorable de las terrazas en la productividad del maíz fue más pronunciado en la sección alta de la ladera, donde se registraron incrementos de 815 kg ha-1 en el ciclo otoño-invierno y de 355 kg ha-1 en el ciclo primaveraverano, con un incremento de 1170 kg ha-1 en la producción total anual. Por otra parte, en la sección baja de la ladera, las terrazas superaron al testigo en 810 kg ha-1 de maíz en el ciclo otoño-invierno, pero rindieron 955 kg ha-1 de maíz menos en el ciclo primavera-verano. Los resultados indican que las terrazas de muro vivo contribuyeron a aumentar la productividad de la ladera y mejoraron la estabilidad del rendimiento del cultivo doble de maíz, pero se requiere de un manejo de las terrazas acorde con los regímenes de humedad del suelo, así como del desarrollo de patrones de cultivo que se adapten a las condiciones variables de humedad en las laderas. Colegio de Postgraduados 1998-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo revisado por pares application/pdf https://www.agrociencia-colpos.org/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/1560 Agrociencia; Vol. 32 No. 4 (1998): 1998-oct-dic; 301-309 Agrociencia; Vol. 32 Núm. 4 (1998): 1998-oct-dic; 301-309 2521-9766 1405-3195 spa https://www.agrociencia-colpos.org/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/1560/1560

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