Use and evolution of sperm sexing in cattle. Review
Since the commercial beginning of sperm sexing in artificial insemination, the adoption of this technology by the livestock industry (producers, veterinarians, and genetics companies) has been a reality in cattle production, mainly in dairy cattle. This review describes the beginnings of sperm sexing, its development, commercial application, and evolution to the present. The most significant events were undoubtedly the determination of the difference in DNA content between spermatozoa carrying the “Y” or “X” chromosome, the flow of these in the cytometer, and their separation into the so-called “Y” and “X” spermatozoa. The subsequent achievements that favored the application of this technology commercially were the determination of the optimal concentration and the successful cryopreservation of sexed semen; since then, research to try to reduce the deleterious effects of the sexing process has not stopped, leading to the emergence of new sperm sexing technologies where this effect is minimal. The most widely used technique commercially is the ultrasexing of 4 million spermatozoa (SexedULTRA-4M™), in which the method, media, and cytometers were completely modified so that this technology has results very similar to those obtained with unsexed semen (conventional semen). There is another sperm sexing technology called Sexcel™ that is offered commercially, in which they have obtained similar results to those obtained with conventional semen, but only in heifers. With these advances, sperm sexing is shown to be a technology in constant development and of high impact on cattle farming.
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Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias
2024
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Álvarez Gallardo, Horacio Urbán Duarte, David Velázquez Roque, Adriana De La Torre Sánchez, José Fernando |
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Álvarez Gallardo, Horacio Urbán Duarte, David Velázquez Roque, Adriana De La Torre Sánchez, José Fernando Use and evolution of sperm sexing in cattle. Review |
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Álvarez Gallardo, Horacio Urbán Duarte, David Velázquez Roque, Adriana De La Torre Sánchez, José Fernando |
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Álvarez Gallardo, Horacio |
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Use and evolution of sperm sexing in cattle. Review |
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Use and evolution of sperm sexing in cattle. Review |
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Use and evolution of sperm sexing in cattle. Review |
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Use and evolution of sperm sexing in cattle. Review |
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Use and evolution of sperm sexing in cattle. Review |
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use and evolution of sperm sexing in cattle. review |
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Since the commercial beginning of sperm sexing in artificial insemination, the adoption of this technology by the livestock industry (producers, veterinarians, and genetics companies) has been a reality in cattle production, mainly in dairy cattle. This review describes the beginnings of sperm sexing, its development, commercial application, and evolution to the present. The most significant events were undoubtedly the determination of the difference in DNA content between spermatozoa carrying the “Y” or “X” chromosome, the flow of these in the cytometer, and their separation into the so-called “Y” and “X” spermatozoa. The subsequent achievements that favored the application of this technology commercially were the determination of the optimal concentration and the successful cryopreservation of sexed semen; since then, research to try to reduce the deleterious effects of the sexing process has not stopped, leading to the emergence of new sperm sexing technologies where this effect is minimal. The most widely used technique commercially is the ultrasexing of 4 million spermatozoa (SexedULTRA-4M™), in which the method, media, and cytometers were completely modified so that this technology has results very similar to those obtained with unsexed semen (conventional semen). There is another sperm sexing technology called Sexcel™ that is offered commercially, in which they have obtained similar results to those obtained with conventional semen, but only in heifers. With these advances, sperm sexing is shown to be a technology in constant development and of high impact on cattle farming. |
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Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias |
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2024 |
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AT alvarezgallardohoracio useandevolutionofspermsexingincattlereview AT urbanduartedavid useandevolutionofspermsexingincattlereview AT velazquezroqueadriana useandevolutionofspermsexingincattlereview AT delatorresanchezjosefernando useandevolutionofspermsexingincattlereview AT alvarezgallardohoracio usoyevoluciondelsexadoespermaticoenbovinosrevision AT urbanduartedavid usoyevoluciondelsexadoespermaticoenbovinosrevision AT velazquezroqueadriana usoyevoluciondelsexadoespermaticoenbovinosrevision AT delatorresanchezjosefernando usoyevoluciondelsexadoespermaticoenbovinosrevision |
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oai:oai.cienciaspecuarias.inifap.gob.mx:article63722024-08-12T18:12:36Z Use and evolution of sperm sexing in cattle. Review Uso y evolución del sexado espermático en bovinos. Revisión Álvarez Gallardo, Horacio Urbán Duarte, David Velázquez Roque, Adriana De La Torre Sánchez, José Fernando DNA Sexado espermático Cromosomas sexuales Citometría de flujo DNA Sperm sexing Sex chromosomes Flow cytometry Since the commercial beginning of sperm sexing in artificial insemination, the adoption of this technology by the livestock industry (producers, veterinarians, and genetics companies) has been a reality in cattle production, mainly in dairy cattle. This review describes the beginnings of sperm sexing, its development, commercial application, and evolution to the present. The most significant events were undoubtedly the determination of the difference in DNA content between spermatozoa carrying the “Y” or “X” chromosome, the flow of these in the cytometer, and their separation into the so-called “Y” and “X” spermatozoa. The subsequent achievements that favored the application of this technology commercially were the determination of the optimal concentration and the successful cryopreservation of sexed semen; since then, research to try to reduce the deleterious effects of the sexing process has not stopped, leading to the emergence of new sperm sexing technologies where this effect is minimal. The most widely used technique commercially is the ultrasexing of 4 million spermatozoa (SexedULTRA-4M™), in which the method, media, and cytometers were completely modified so that this technology has results very similar to those obtained with unsexed semen (conventional semen). There is another sperm sexing technology called Sexcel™ that is offered commercially, in which they have obtained similar results to those obtained with conventional semen, but only in heifers. With these advances, sperm sexing is shown to be a technology in constant development and of high impact on cattle farming. Desde el inicio comercial del sexado espermático en la inseminación artificial, la adopción de esta tecnología por la industria ganadera (productores, médicos veterinarios y compañías de genética) ha sido una realidad en la producción bovina, principalmente en ganado lechero. La presente revisión, es una descripción de los inicios del sexado espermático, su desarrollo, aplicación a nivel comercial, y evolución hasta la actualidad. Los eventos más significativos fueron sin lugar a dudas la determinación de la diferencia en el contenido de DNA entre los espermatozoides portadores del cromosoma “Y” o “X”, el flujo de estos en el citómetro, y su separación en los así llamados espermatozoides “Y” y “X”. Los siguientes logros que favorecieron la aplicación de esta tecnología de forma comercial fueron la determinación de la concentración óptima y la criopreservación exitosa del semen sexado; desde entonces, las investigaciones para tratar de disminuir los efectos deletéreos del proceso de sexado no se detuvieron, llegando hasta el surgimiento de nuevas tecnologías de sexado espermático donde este efecto es mínimo. La técnica más ampliamente difundida de forma comercial es el ultrasexado de 4 millones de espermatozoides (SexedULTRA-4M™), en la cual se modificaron completamente el método, los medios y los citómetros, con lo que esta tecnología tiene resultados muy similares a los obtenidos con semen no sexado (semen convencional). Existe otra tecnología de sexado espermático llamada Sexcell™ que se oferta de forma comercial, en la cual han obtenido resultados similares a los obtenidos con semen convencional, pero solo en vaquillas. Con estos avances, el sexado espermático se muestra como una tecnología en constante desarrollo y de alto impacto en la ganadería bovina. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias 2024-08-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf application/pdf text/html text/html https://cienciaspecuarias.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/Pecuarias/article/view/6372 10.22319/rmcp.v15i3.6372 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias; Vol. 15 No. 3 (2024): July-September; 641-668 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias; Vol. 15 Núm. 3 (2024): Julio-Septiembre; 641-668 2448-6698 2007-1124 spa eng https://cienciaspecuarias.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/Pecuarias/article/view/6372/5383 https://cienciaspecuarias.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/Pecuarias/article/view/6372/5384 https://cienciaspecuarias.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/Pecuarias/article/view/6372/5413 https://cienciaspecuarias.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/Pecuarias/article/view/6372/5414 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 |