Fungicides-late blight interaction in the synthesis of phenolic compounds and defense enzyme activity in tomato
Due to the significant impact of late blight (LB) (Phytophthora infestans [Mont.]) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), we investigated the interaction between fungicides and this disease to understand how some plant defense mechanisms are affected over time. Following a randomized design, we evaluated the synthesis of phenolic compounds (PHE) and the activity of phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL), peroxidases (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The experiment involved the application of fosetyl-Al and fluoxastrobin (fungicides with dual modes of action) on healthy and infected tomato plants. LB severity was assessed weekly and leaf samples were collected at various intervals for biochemical analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05) analyzed main effects of infection, fungicide, and time on response variables, followed by Bonferroni post hoc for significant group differences and regression models to evaluate variable effects over time. The application of fungicides had no effect on enzymatic activity or PHE accumulation. While PAL and SOD activities were not significantly affected by infection, POX activity was significantly higher in healthy plants (4793.8 U g-1 fresh weight) compared to infected plants (1858.1 U g-1 fresh weight). A complex interaction between PHE accumulation in relation to LB severity and time was observed, with a notable increase in PHE levels at 50 days after transplant when disease severity was between 25 and 50%. Future studies should consider including a broader range of genotypes and isolates of P. infestans, a more extensive set of biochemical responses, and evaluations of the overexpression of genes related to plant defense.
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Coeditada entre Facultad de Agronomía - Udelar y el Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA)
2024
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Enciso-Maldonado, Guillermo A. Lozoya-Saldaña, Hector Colinas-León, María Teresa Díaz-García, Gabriela Montoya-García, Cesar Omar |
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Enciso-Maldonado, Guillermo A. Lozoya-Saldaña, Hector Colinas-León, María Teresa Díaz-García, Gabriela Montoya-García, Cesar Omar Fungicides-late blight interaction in the synthesis of phenolic compounds and defense enzyme activity in tomato |
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Enciso-Maldonado, Guillermo A. Lozoya-Saldaña, Hector Colinas-León, María Teresa Díaz-García, Gabriela Montoya-García, Cesar Omar |
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Enciso-Maldonado, Guillermo A. |
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Fungicides-late blight interaction in the synthesis of phenolic compounds and defense enzyme activity in tomato |
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Fungicides-late blight interaction in the synthesis of phenolic compounds and defense enzyme activity in tomato |
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Fungicides-late blight interaction in the synthesis of phenolic compounds and defense enzyme activity in tomato |
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Fungicides-late blight interaction in the synthesis of phenolic compounds and defense enzyme activity in tomato |
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Fungicides-late blight interaction in the synthesis of phenolic compounds and defense enzyme activity in tomato |
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fungicides-late blight interaction in the synthesis of phenolic compounds and defense enzyme activity in tomato |
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Due to the significant impact of late blight (LB) (Phytophthora infestans [Mont.]) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), we investigated the interaction between fungicides and this disease to understand how some plant defense mechanisms are affected over time. Following a randomized design, we evaluated the synthesis of phenolic compounds (PHE) and the activity of phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL), peroxidases (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The experiment involved the application of fosetyl-Al and fluoxastrobin (fungicides with dual modes of action) on healthy and infected tomato plants. LB severity was assessed weekly and leaf samples were collected at various intervals for biochemical analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05) analyzed main effects of infection, fungicide, and time on response variables, followed by Bonferroni post hoc for significant group differences and regression models to evaluate variable effects over time. The application of fungicides had no effect on enzymatic activity or PHE accumulation. While PAL and SOD activities were not significantly affected by infection, POX activity was significantly higher in healthy plants (4793.8 U g-1 fresh weight) compared to infected plants (1858.1 U g-1 fresh weight). A complex interaction between PHE accumulation in relation to LB severity and time was observed, with a notable increase in PHE levels at 50 days after transplant when disease severity was between 25 and 50%. Future studies should consider including a broader range of genotypes and isolates of P. infestans, a more extensive set of biochemical responses, and evaluations of the overexpression of genes related to plant defense. |
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Coeditada entre Facultad de Agronomía - Udelar y el Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) |
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2024 |
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https://agrocienciauruguay.uy/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/1434 |
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oai:oai.agrocienciauruguay.uy:article-14342024-11-26T11:38:06Z Fungicides-late blight interaction in the synthesis of phenolic compounds and defense enzyme activity in tomato Interacción fungicidas-tizón tardío en la síntesis de compuestos fenólicos y actividad de enzimas de defensa en tomate Interação fungicida-requeima na síntese de compostos fenólicos e atividade de enzimas de defesa em tomateiro Enciso-Maldonado, Guillermo A. Lozoya-Saldaña, Hector Colinas-León, María Teresa Díaz-García, Gabriela Montoya-García, Cesar Omar Phytophthora infestans Solanum lycopersicum fluoxastrobin fosetyl-Al Phytophthora infestans Solanum lycopersicum fluoxastrobina fosetil-Al Phytotphthora infestans Solanum lycopersicum fluoxastrobin fosetyl-Al Due to the significant impact of late blight (LB) (Phytophthora infestans [Mont.]) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), we investigated the interaction between fungicides and this disease to understand how some plant defense mechanisms are affected over time. Following a randomized design, we evaluated the synthesis of phenolic compounds (PHE) and the activity of phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL), peroxidases (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The experiment involved the application of fosetyl-Al and fluoxastrobin (fungicides with dual modes of action) on healthy and infected tomato plants. LB severity was assessed weekly and leaf samples were collected at various intervals for biochemical analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05) analyzed main effects of infection, fungicide, and time on response variables, followed by Bonferroni post hoc for significant group differences and regression models to evaluate variable effects over time. The application of fungicides had no effect on enzymatic activity or PHE accumulation. While PAL and SOD activities were not significantly affected by infection, POX activity was significantly higher in healthy plants (4793.8 U g-1 fresh weight) compared to infected plants (1858.1 U g-1 fresh weight). A complex interaction between PHE accumulation in relation to LB severity and time was observed, with a notable increase in PHE levels at 50 days after transplant when disease severity was between 25 and 50%. Future studies should consider including a broader range of genotypes and isolates of P. infestans, a more extensive set of biochemical responses, and evaluations of the overexpression of genes related to plant defense. Debido al impacto del tizón tardío (TT), causado por Phytophthora infestans, en el tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) se realizó un estudio sobre la interacción de fungicidas con la enfermedad y su efecto en defensas vegetales. Se realizó un experimento bajo un diseño experimental completamente al azar, donde se aplicaron fosetil-Al y fluoxastrobina, fungicidas de doble acción, a tomates sanos e infectados. Se evaluó la severidad del TT semanalmente y se tomaron muestras de hojas para analizar la síntesis de compuestos fenólicos y la actividad de enzimas como fenilalanina amonio liasa (PAL), peroxidasas (POX) y superóxido dismutasa (SOD). A través del análisis de Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba de comparación post hoc de Bonferroni se estudiaron los efectos de la infección, el fungicida y el tiempo. Los resultados mostraron que los fungicidas no afectaron la actividad enzimática ni la acumulación de compuestos fenólicos. La actividad de PAL y SOD no varió significativamente con la infección, mientras que la de POX fue mayor en plantas sanas. Se observó una relación compleja entre la acumulación de fenólicos, la severidad del TT y el tiempo, destacando un incremento en los fenólicos a los 50 días, cuando la enfermedad alcanzaba una severidad del 25-50 %. Futuras investigaciones deberían incluir más genotipos y aislamientos de P. infestans, un rango más amplio de respuestas bioquímicas y evaluaciones de sobreexpresión genética relacionada con la defensa vegetal. Devido ao impacto da requeima, causado por Phytophthora infestans, no tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), foi realizado um estudo sobre a interação dos fungicidas com a doença e seu efeito nas defesas vegetais. Um experimento foi conduzido sob um desenho experimental completamente ao acaso, onde foram aplicados fosetil-Al e fluoxastrobina, fungicidas de dupla ação, em tomates saudáveis e infectados. A severidade darequeima foi avaliada semanalmente e amostras de folhas foram coletadas para analisar a síntese de compostos fenólicos e a atividade de enzimas como fenilalanina amônio liase (PAL), peroxidases (POX) e superóxido dismutase (SOD). Através da análise de Kruskal-Wallis e do teste de comparação post hoc de Bonferroni, os efeitos da infecção, do fungicida e do tempo foram estudados. Os resultados mostraram que os fungicidas não afetaram a atividade enzimática nem a acumulação de compostos fenólicos. A atividade de PAL e SOD não variou significativamente com a infecção, enquanto a de POX foi maior em plantas saudáveis. Observou-se uma relação complexa entre a acumulação de fenólicos, a severidade da requeima e o tempo, destacando um aumento nos fenólicos aos 50 dias, quando a doença alcançava uma severidade de 25-50%. Futuras pesquisas deveriam incluir mais genótipos e isolados de P. infestans, uma gama mais ampla de respostas bioquímicas e avaliações de sobreexpressão genética relacionada à defesa vegetal. 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