Effect of irrigation and grazing on the production of an alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa L.)
Alfalfa is a forage species widely used in Uruguay in intensive livestock and dairy farming. Supplementary irrigation makes it possible to mitigate the negative effects of climate change, increasing and stabilizing the productivity of pastures. It is necessary to evaluate its joint effect with grazing. Two irrigation thresholds were evaluated, with entry of animals. The treatments were: frequent irrigation (30% depleted), spaced irrigation (65% depleted) and rainfed. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks, and 30 months of evaluation. The average annual yield of irrigated alfalfa was 25,333 and 23,177 kg DM ha-1, first and second year of evaluation, respectively. The accumulated production (30 months) did not show a significant difference between the irrigated treatments, but it did between irrigated and rainfed. In the last summer-autumn, the yield of all treatments fell to 8660 kg DM ha-1 (irrigated) and 1756 kg DM ha-1 (rainfed). Seasonal productivity indicates the convenience of irrigating alfalfa in summer since the yield increased 43% in the second year and 4.3 times more in the last year. Furthermore, after the extreme summer drought, in the following autumn, the irrigated treatments yielded 7 times more than the rainfed. Management with spaced irrigation and irrigation depth that do not return the soil to its field capacity increases the effectiveness of precipitation, saving water and energy allocated to irrigation. The apparent density increased towards the end of the experiment as a result of grazing, however, there was no difference between the evaluated irrigation managements.
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Coeditada entre Facultad de Agronomía - Udelar y el Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA)
2024
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Puppo, Lucía Hayashi, Raquel Beretta, Andrés Morales, Pablo |
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Puppo, Lucía Hayashi, Raquel Beretta, Andrés Morales, Pablo Effect of irrigation and grazing on the production of an alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa L.) |
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Puppo, Lucía Hayashi, Raquel Beretta, Andrés Morales, Pablo |
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Puppo, Lucía |
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Effect of irrigation and grazing on the production of an alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa L.) |
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Effect of irrigation and grazing on the production of an alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa L.) |
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Effect of irrigation and grazing on the production of an alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa L.) |
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Effect of irrigation and grazing on the production of an alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa L.) |
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Effect of irrigation and grazing on the production of an alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa L.) |
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effect of irrigation and grazing on the production of an alfalfa pasture (medicago sativa l.) |
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Alfalfa is a forage species widely used in Uruguay in intensive livestock and dairy farming. Supplementary irrigation makes it possible to mitigate the negative effects of climate change, increasing and stabilizing the productivity of pastures. It is necessary to evaluate its joint effect with grazing. Two irrigation thresholds were evaluated, with entry of animals. The treatments were: frequent irrigation (30% depleted), spaced irrigation (65% depleted) and rainfed. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks, and 30 months of evaluation. The average annual yield of irrigated alfalfa was 25,333 and 23,177 kg DM ha-1, first and second year of evaluation, respectively. The accumulated production (30 months) did not show a significant difference between the irrigated treatments, but it did between irrigated and rainfed. In the last summer-autumn, the yield of all treatments fell to 8660 kg DM ha-1 (irrigated) and 1756 kg DM ha-1 (rainfed). Seasonal productivity indicates the convenience of irrigating alfalfa in summer since the yield increased 43% in the second year and 4.3 times more in the last year. Furthermore, after the extreme summer drought, in the following autumn, the irrigated treatments yielded 7 times more than the rainfed. Management with spaced irrigation and irrigation depth that do not return the soil to its field capacity increases the effectiveness of precipitation, saving water and energy allocated to irrigation. The apparent density increased towards the end of the experiment as a result of grazing, however, there was no difference between the evaluated irrigation managements. |
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Coeditada entre Facultad de Agronomía - Udelar y el Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) |
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2024 |
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oai:oai.agrocienciauruguay.uy:article-14222024-11-26T11:38:04Z Effect of irrigation and grazing on the production of an alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa L.) Efecto del riego y el pastoreo sobre la producción de una pastura de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Efeito da irrigação e do pastoreio na produção de pastagem de alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) Puppo, Lucía Hayashi, Raquel Beretta, Andrés Morales, Pablo forage productivity irrigation threshold pasture irrigation productividad forraje riego pasturas umbral de riego irrigação de pastagens limite de irrigação produtividade forrageira Alfalfa is a forage species widely used in Uruguay in intensive livestock and dairy farming. Supplementary irrigation makes it possible to mitigate the negative effects of climate change, increasing and stabilizing the productivity of pastures. It is necessary to evaluate its joint effect with grazing. Two irrigation thresholds were evaluated, with entry of animals. The treatments were: frequent irrigation (30% depleted), spaced irrigation (65% depleted) and rainfed. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks, and 30 months of evaluation. The average annual yield of irrigated alfalfa was 25,333 and 23,177 kg DM ha-1, first and second year of evaluation, respectively. The accumulated production (30 months) did not show a significant difference between the irrigated treatments, but it did between irrigated and rainfed. In the last summer-autumn, the yield of all treatments fell to 8660 kg DM ha-1 (irrigated) and 1756 kg DM ha-1 (rainfed). Seasonal productivity indicates the convenience of irrigating alfalfa in summer since the yield increased 43% in the second year and 4.3 times more in the last year. Furthermore, after the extreme summer drought, in the following autumn, the irrigated treatments yielded 7 times more than the rainfed. Management with spaced irrigation and irrigation depth that do not return the soil to its field capacity increases the effectiveness of precipitation, saving water and energy allocated to irrigation. The apparent density increased towards the end of the experiment as a result of grazing, however, there was no difference between the evaluated irrigation managements. La alfalfa es una especie forrajera muy utilizada en Uruguay en ganadería intensiva y lechería. El riego suplementario permite mitigar los efectos negativos del cambio climático, aumentando y estabilizando la productividad de las pasturas. Es necesario evaluar su efecto conjunto con el pastoreo. Se evaluaron dos umbrales de riego, con entrada de animales. Los tratamientos fueron: riego frecuente (30% agotamiento), riego espaciado (65% agotamiento) y secano. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar, 30 meses de evaluación. La productividad promedio anual de la alfalfa regada fue de 25333 y 23177 kg MS ha-1, primer y segundo año de evaluación, respectivamente. La producción acumulada (30 meses) no mostró diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos regados, pero sí entre regados y secano. En el último verano-otoño, la productividad de todos los tratamientos cae a 8660 kg MS ha-1 (regados) y 1756 kg MS ha-1 (secano). Las productividades estacionales indican la conveniencia de regar la alfalfa en verano, ya que el rendimiento aumentó 43% en el segundo año y 4,3 veces más en el último año. Además, luego de transcurrir la sequía extrema del verano, en el otoño siguiente los regados rindieron 7 veces más que el secano. El manejo con riegos espaciados y láminas de riego que no devuelven el suelo a su capacidad de campo aumenta la efectividad de las precipitaciones, ahorrando agua y energía destinada al riego. La densidad aparente aumentó hacia el final del experimento a consecuencia del pastoreo, sin embargo, no hubo diferencia entre los manejos de riego evaluados. A alfafa é uma espécie forrageira amplamente utilizada no Uruguai na pecuária intensiva e na pecuária leiteira. A irrigação complementar permite mitigar os efeitos negativos das alterações climáticas, aumentando e estabilizando a produtividade das pastagens. É necessário avaliar seu efeito conjunto com o pastoreio. Foram avaliados dois limiares de irrigação, com entrada de animais. Os tratamentos foram: irrigação frequente (esgotamento de 30%), irrigação espaçada (esgotamento de 65%) e sequeiro. O delineamento experimental foi blocos completos casualizados, 30 meses de avaliação. A produtividade média anual da alfafa irrigada foi de 25.333 e 23.177 kg MS ha-1, primeiro e segundo ano de avaliação respectivamente. A produção acumulada (30 meses) não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos irrigados, mas sim entre irrigado e sequeiro. No último verão-outono, a produtividade de todos os tratamentos cai para 8.660 kg MS ha-1 (irrigado) e 1.756 kg MS ha-1 (irrigado). A produtividade sazonal indica a conveniência de irrigar alfafa no verão, já que a produtividade aumentou 43% no segundo ano e 4.3 vezes mais no último ano. Além disso, depois de passada a seca extrema do Verão, no Outono seguinte a terra irrigada rendeu 7 vezes mais do que a terra seca. Manejo com irrigação espaçada e lâminas de irrigação que não devolvem o solo à sua capacidade de campo, aumentam a eficácia da precipitação, economizando água e energia para irrigação. A densidade aparente aumentou ao final do experimento em decorrência do pastejo, porém não houve diferença entre os manejos de irrigação avaliados. 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An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 1934;37:29-38. Copyright (c) 2024 Agrociencia Uruguay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |