Emission, Transport and Retention of Floating Marine Macro-Litter (Plastics) : The Role of Baltic Harbor and Sailing Festivals
Every year, harbor and sailing festivals attract close to 20 million visitors in the Baltic Sea region, but their consequences on marine litter pollution are still unknown. We combine field studies with model simulations and literature reviews to quantify the annual emissions of floating macro-litter and to assess its retention in estuaries and role in Baltic Sea pollution. Results focusing on Hanse Sail in Rostock and Kiel Week are extrapolated to the entire Baltic Sea region. After the Hanse Sail 2018, the harbor pollution amounted to about 950 floating macro-litter particles/km²; 85–90% were plastics. We calculated an emission between 0.24 and 3 particles per 1000 visitors, depending on the year and the waste management system. About 0.02% of all waste generated during a festival ends up in the harbor water. The Hanse Sails contributes less than 1% to the total annual macro-litter emissions in the Warnow estuary. Model simulations indicate that over 99% of the emitted litter is trapped in the estuary. Therefore, Hanse Sails are not relevant to Baltic Sea pollution. The extrapolated Baltic-Sea-wide annual emissions are between 4466 and (more likely) 55,830 macro-litter particles. The over-30 harbor and sailing festivals contribute an estimated <0.05% to the total annual macro-litter emissions in the Baltic Sea region.
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| Format: | Article/Letter to editor biblioteca |
| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | Baltic Sea, Hanse Sail, Kieler Woche, citizen science, deposition, macro-plastic, marine litter, model simulations, public awareness, waste management, |
| Online Access: | https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/emission-transport-and-retention-of-floating-marine-macro-litter- |
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dig-wur-nl-wurpubs-6271892024-12-04 Schernewski, Gerald Escobar Sánchez, Gabriela Felsing, Stefanie Gatel Rebours, Margaux Haseler, Mirco Hauk, Rahel Lange, Xaver Piehl, Sarah Article/Letter to editor Sustainability (Switzerland) 16 (2024) 3 ISSN: 2071-1050 Emission, Transport and Retention of Floating Marine Macro-Litter (Plastics) : The Role of Baltic Harbor and Sailing Festivals 2024 Every year, harbor and sailing festivals attract close to 20 million visitors in the Baltic Sea region, but their consequences on marine litter pollution are still unknown. We combine field studies with model simulations and literature reviews to quantify the annual emissions of floating macro-litter and to assess its retention in estuaries and role in Baltic Sea pollution. Results focusing on Hanse Sail in Rostock and Kiel Week are extrapolated to the entire Baltic Sea region. After the Hanse Sail 2018, the harbor pollution amounted to about 950 floating macro-litter particles/km²; 85–90% were plastics. We calculated an emission between 0.24 and 3 particles per 1000 visitors, depending on the year and the waste management system. About 0.02% of all waste generated during a festival ends up in the harbor water. The Hanse Sails contributes less than 1% to the total annual macro-litter emissions in the Warnow estuary. Model simulations indicate that over 99% of the emitted litter is trapped in the estuary. Therefore, Hanse Sails are not relevant to Baltic Sea pollution. The extrapolated Baltic-Sea-wide annual emissions are between 4466 and (more likely) 55,830 macro-litter particles. The over-30 harbor and sailing festivals contribute an estimated <0.05% to the total annual macro-litter emissions in the Baltic Sea region. en application/pdf https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/emission-transport-and-retention-of-floating-marine-macro-litter- 10.3390/su16031220 https://edepot.wur.nl/650673 Baltic Sea Hanse Sail Kieler Woche citizen science deposition macro-plastic marine litter model simulations public awareness waste management https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Wageningen University & Research |
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Baltic Sea Hanse Sail Kieler Woche citizen science deposition macro-plastic marine litter model simulations public awareness waste management Baltic Sea Hanse Sail Kieler Woche citizen science deposition macro-plastic marine litter model simulations public awareness waste management |
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Baltic Sea Hanse Sail Kieler Woche citizen science deposition macro-plastic marine litter model simulations public awareness waste management Baltic Sea Hanse Sail Kieler Woche citizen science deposition macro-plastic marine litter model simulations public awareness waste management Schernewski, Gerald Escobar Sánchez, Gabriela Felsing, Stefanie Gatel Rebours, Margaux Haseler, Mirco Hauk, Rahel Lange, Xaver Piehl, Sarah Emission, Transport and Retention of Floating Marine Macro-Litter (Plastics) : The Role of Baltic Harbor and Sailing Festivals |
| description |
Every year, harbor and sailing festivals attract close to 20 million visitors in the Baltic Sea region, but their consequences on marine litter pollution are still unknown. We combine field studies with model simulations and literature reviews to quantify the annual emissions of floating macro-litter and to assess its retention in estuaries and role in Baltic Sea pollution. Results focusing on Hanse Sail in Rostock and Kiel Week are extrapolated to the entire Baltic Sea region. After the Hanse Sail 2018, the harbor pollution amounted to about 950 floating macro-litter particles/km²; 85–90% were plastics. We calculated an emission between 0.24 and 3 particles per 1000 visitors, depending on the year and the waste management system. About 0.02% of all waste generated during a festival ends up in the harbor water. The Hanse Sails contributes less than 1% to the total annual macro-litter emissions in the Warnow estuary. Model simulations indicate that over 99% of the emitted litter is trapped in the estuary. Therefore, Hanse Sails are not relevant to Baltic Sea pollution. The extrapolated Baltic-Sea-wide annual emissions are between 4466 and (more likely) 55,830 macro-litter particles. The over-30 harbor and sailing festivals contribute an estimated <0.05% to the total annual macro-litter emissions in the Baltic Sea region. |
| format |
Article/Letter to editor |
| topic_facet |
Baltic Sea Hanse Sail Kieler Woche citizen science deposition macro-plastic marine litter model simulations public awareness waste management |
| author |
Schernewski, Gerald Escobar Sánchez, Gabriela Felsing, Stefanie Gatel Rebours, Margaux Haseler, Mirco Hauk, Rahel Lange, Xaver Piehl, Sarah |
| author_facet |
Schernewski, Gerald Escobar Sánchez, Gabriela Felsing, Stefanie Gatel Rebours, Margaux Haseler, Mirco Hauk, Rahel Lange, Xaver Piehl, Sarah |
| author_sort |
Schernewski, Gerald |
| title |
Emission, Transport and Retention of Floating Marine Macro-Litter (Plastics) : The Role of Baltic Harbor and Sailing Festivals |
| title_short |
Emission, Transport and Retention of Floating Marine Macro-Litter (Plastics) : The Role of Baltic Harbor and Sailing Festivals |
| title_full |
Emission, Transport and Retention of Floating Marine Macro-Litter (Plastics) : The Role of Baltic Harbor and Sailing Festivals |
| title_fullStr |
Emission, Transport and Retention of Floating Marine Macro-Litter (Plastics) : The Role of Baltic Harbor and Sailing Festivals |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Emission, Transport and Retention of Floating Marine Macro-Litter (Plastics) : The Role of Baltic Harbor and Sailing Festivals |
| title_sort |
emission, transport and retention of floating marine macro-litter (plastics) : the role of baltic harbor and sailing festivals |
| url |
https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/emission-transport-and-retention-of-floating-marine-macro-litter- |
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